Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/guHtʰás

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷuH-tHó-s, from *gʷewH- (“to defecate”).^[1]^[2]

Noun

*guHtʰás^[3]^[1]^[2]

excrement

Inflection

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*guHtʰás	*guHtʰā́(w)	*guHtʰā́s(as)
vocative	*gúHtʰa	*gúHtʰā(w)	*gúHtʰās(as)
accusative	*guHtʰám	*guHtʰā́(w)	*guHtʰā́ns
instrumental	*guHtʰáH	*guHtʰáybʰyā(m)	*guHtʰā́yš
ablative	*guHtʰā́t	*guHtʰáybʰyā(m)	*guHtʰáybʰyas
dative	*guHtʰā́y	*guHtʰáybʰyā(m)	*guHtʰáybʰyas
genitive	*guHtʰásya	*guHtʰáyās	*guHtʰā́naHam
locative	*guHtʰáy	*guHtʰáyaw	*guHtʰáyšu

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *guHtʰás
- Sanskrit: गूथ (gūtha) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Iranian: *guHθáh (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Nuristani: *gū́ta
- Kamkata-viri:
  Kamviri: gǘ
  
  Kativiri: giú
- Southern Nuristani:
  - Ashkun: gú
  - Waigali: gü

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “gūtha-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University: “Proto-Indo-Iranian: guH-tHo-; IE form: g⁽ʷ⁾uH-tHo-”
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Sadovski, Velizar (2017–2018) “Chapter VI: Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Iranian, page 583: “PIIr. *guHtHa-; PIE *g⁽ʷ⁾uH-tHo-”
^ Lipp, Reiner (2009) Die indogermanischen und einzelsprachlichen Palatale im Indoiranischen: Neurekonstruktion, Nuristan-Sprachen, Genese der indoarischen Retroflexe, Indoarisch von Mitanni (Indogermanische Bibliothek; 3) (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Winter, page 158: “indoiran. *gūtʰa-”

[IAIL-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “gūtha-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University: “Proto-Indo-Iranian: guH-tHo-; IE form: g⁽ʷ⁾uH-tHo-”

[HCHIEL-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Sadovski, Velizar (2017–2018) “Chapter VI: Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Iranian, page 583: “PIIr. *guHtHa-; PIE *g⁽ʷ⁾uH-tHo-”

[3] Lipp, Reiner (2009) Die indogermanischen und einzelsprachlichen Palatale im Indoiranischen: Neurekonstruktion, Nuristan-Sprachen, Genese der indoarischen Retroflexe, Indoarisch von Mitanni (Indogermanische Bibliothek; 3) (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Winter, page 158: “indoiran. *gūtʰa-”

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