Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/naybah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *naybʰas, from Proto-Indo-European *neybʰ- (“blessed, holy, fortunate”), possibly from *ney- (“to be excited”).^[1]^[2] Cognate with Proto-Celtic *noibos (“holy, sacred”) (whence Old Irish noíb), Proto-Celtic *neibos (“vigour, vital spirit”) (whence Old Irish níab, Middle Welsh nwyf).^[3]^[4]^[5]

Noun

*naybah^[6]

blessed, fortunate

Descendants

Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Scythian:
  - Khotanese: 𐨀𐨙𐨅𐨌 (añai, “unfortunate”)
  - Ossetian: (“good fortune”)
    Digor Ossetian: нивӕ (nivæ)
    
    Iron Ossetian: нув (nuv)
- Proto-Sogdic: *nēβakah
  - Sogdian:
    Sogdian script: 𐼻𐼷𐼸 (nyk /⁠nēk⁠/, “good”)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Parthian:
  Manichaean script: 𐫗𐫏𐫇 (nyw /⁠nēw⁠/)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: 𐎴𐎡𐎲 m (n-i-b /⁠naibaʰ⁠/), 𐎴𐎲𐎠 f (n-b-a /⁠naibā⁠/), 𐎴𐎡𐎲𐎶 n (n-i-b-m /⁠naibam⁠/, “blessed”)
  - Middle Persian: (/⁠nēw⁠/)
    Manichaean script: 𐫗𐫏𐫇 (nyw)
    
    Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (TḆ), [Book Pahlavi needed] (nyw')
    - Classical Persian: نیو (niv)
  - ⇒ Old Persian: *naibakaʰ^[7]^[6]
    - Middle Persian: (/⁠nēk⁠/, “good, brave”)
      Manichaean script: 𐫗𐫏𐫐 (nyk)
      
      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (nywk')
      - Classical Persian: نیک (nēk)
        Iranian Persian: نیک (nik) (see there for further descendants)
      - ⇒ Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (nywkyh /⁠nēkīh⁠/, “goodness”)

References

^ Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 412
^ Bailey, H. W. (1979) “an̄aa-”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 2a
^ Bartholomae, Christian (1904) “p. naiba-”, in Altiranisches Wörterbuch [Old Iranian Dictionary] (in German), Strassburg: K. J. Trübner
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*nēbo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 286
^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “noibo-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 236
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Blažek, Václav (2013) “On Classification of Middle Iranian Languages (Preliminary Report)”, in Linguistica Brunensia‎^[1], volume 61, numbers 1-2, →ISSN, page 60
^ Cathcart, Chundra Aroor (2015) Iranian Dialectology and Dialectometry (PhD dissertation)‎^[2], Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley, page 123

[1] Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 412

[2] Bailey, H. W. (1979) “an̄aa-”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 2a

[3] Bartholomae, Christian (1904) “p. naiba-”, in Altiranisches Wörterbuch [Old Iranian Dictionary] (in German), Strassburg: K. J. Trübner

[4] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*nēbo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 286

[5] Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “noibo-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 236

[Blazek-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Blažek, Václav (2013) “On Classification of Middle Iranian Languages (Preliminary Report)”, in Linguistica Brunensia‎^[1], volume 61, numbers 1-2, →ISSN, page 60

[7] Cathcart, Chundra Aroor (2015) Iranian Dialectology and Dialectometry (PhD dissertation)‎^[2], Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley, page 123

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