Reconstruction:Proto-Mongolic/gal

Proto-Mongolic

Reconstruction

Palatalization in Dagur is unexpected, which also occurs in *gar, *ger and *seül.

Noun

*gal

1. fire

Descendants

• Middle Mongol:
  • Arabic: [script needed] (ɣal) (Muqaddimat), [script needed] (qaːl) (Leiden Vocabulary) (Istanbul Vocabulary)
  • Chinese: [Term?] (“qal”) (Secret History) (Yue-Yi Yiyu)
• Mongolian:
  • Classical: ᠭ᠋ᠠᠯ (ɣal)
  • Khalkha Mongolian: гал (gal)
• Buryat: гал (gal)
• Khamnigan Mongol: gal
• Kalmyk: һал (ğal)
• Daur: galʲ
• East Yugur: ɣal
• Monguor:
  • Mangghuer: ɣal
  • Mongghul: ɣal
• Kangjia: χar
• Dongxiang: khan
• Mogholi: ɣoːl, ğɔl

Further reading

• Nugteren, Hans (2011) Mongolic phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu languages (dissertation)‎^[1], Utrecht: LOT, page 337
• Sun Zhu (1990) 蒙古语族语言词典 [Dictionary of Mongolic Languages] (in Chinese), Qinghai, page 279