fire
EnglishEdit
PronunciationEdit
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈfaɪə(ɹ)/
- (Upper RP Triphthong Smoothing) IPA(key): /ˈfaə(ɹ)/, /ˈfaː(ɹ)/, /ˈfɑə(ɹ)/, /ˈfɑəː(ɹ)/
- (General American) enPR: fīʹər, fīr, IPA(key): /ˈfaɪɚ/, [ˈfaɪɚ]
Audio (GA) (file) - (Southern American English, Appalachia) IPA(key): [ˈfäːɚ]
- (General Australian) IPA(key): /ˈfɑeə(ɹ)/
- Rhymes: -aɪə(ɹ)
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle English fier, from Old English fȳr (“fire”), from Proto-West Germanic *fuir, from *fuïr, a regularised form of Proto-Germanic *fōr (“fire”) (compare Saterland Frisian Fjuur, West Frisian fjoer, Dutch vuur, Low German Füer, German Feuer, Danish fyr), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥.
Compare Hittite 𒉺𒄴𒄯 (paḫḫur), Umbrian pir, Tocharian A/B por/puwar, Czech pýř (“hot ashes”), Ancient Greek πῦρ (pûr, “fire”), and Armenian հուր (hur, “fire”)). This was an inanimate noun whose animate counterpart was Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥gʷnis (see ignite). Cognate to pyre.
Alternative formsEdit
- fier (archaic)
NounEdit
fire (countable and uncountable, plural fires)
- (uncountable) A (usually self-sustaining) chemical reaction involving the bonding of oxygen with carbon or other fuel, with the production of heat and the presence of flame or smouldering.
- (countable) An instance of this chemical reaction, especially when intentionally created and maintained in a specific location to a useful end (such as a campfire or a hearth fire).
- We sat about the fire singing songs and telling tales.
- 1913, Joseph C. Lincoln, chapter 8, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:
- We toted in the wood and got the fire going nice and comfortable. Lord James still set in one of the chairs and Applegate had cabbaged the other and was hugging the stove.
- (countable) The occurrence, often accidental, of fire in a certain place, causing damage and danger.
- There was a fire at the school last night and the whole place burned down.
- During hot and dry summers many fires in forests are caused by regardlessly discarded cigarette butts.
- 2020 January 1, Bernard Lagan, “Thousands flee to beaches as the flames close in”, in The Times, number 73,044, page 24:
- Efforts to fight the fires in New South Wales and Victoria were hampered as large fires converged and created their own violent weather systems. The fire created dry lightning storms so severe that planes had to be grounded.
- (uncountable, alchemy, philosophy) The aforementioned chemical reaction of burning, considered one of the Classical elements or basic elements of alchemy.
- (countable, Britain) A heater or stove used in place of a real fire (such as an electric fire).
- (countable) The elements necessary to start a fire.
- The fire was laid and needed to be lit.
- (uncountable) The bullets or other projectiles fired from a gun.
- The fire from the enemy guns kept us from attacking.
- Strength of passion, whether love or hate.
- 1687, Francis Atterbury, An Answer to some Considerations, the Spirit of Martin Luther and the Original of the Reformation
- He had fire in his temper.
- 1687, Francis Atterbury, An Answer to some Considerations, the Spirit of Martin Luther and the Original of the Reformation
- Liveliness of imagination or fancy; intellectual and moral enthusiasm.
- 1709, [Alexander Pope], An Essay on Criticism, London: Printed for W. Lewis […], published 1711, OCLC 15810849:
- And bless their critic with a poet's fire.
- Splendour; brilliancy; lustre; hence, a star.
- c. 1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene iv]:
- Stars, hide your fires.
- 1667, John Milton, “Book 12”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], OCLC 228722708; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, OCLC 230729554:
- As in a zodiac representing the heavenly fires.
- A severe trial; anything inflaming or provoking.
- Red coloration in a piece of opal.
SynonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
- add fuel to the fire
- all-fire
- back fire
- balefire
- ball of fire
- baptism of fire
- bonfire
- brush-fire
- brush fire
- brushfire
- bushfire
- campfire
- catch fire
- ceasefire
- covering fire
- draw fire
- drumfire
- dumpster fire
- electric fire
- fiery
- fight fire with fire
- fire alarm
- fire and brimstone
- firearm
- fire away
- fireball
- fire bay
- fire beater
- fireblast
- fireboat
- firebolt
- firebomb
- firebox
- firebrand
- firebreak
- fire brigade
- firebug
- fireclay
- fire company
- firecracker
- fire department
- firedog
- fire drill
- fire-eater
- fire engine
- fire escape
- fire exit
- fire extinguisher
- firefight
- fire-fight
- firefighter
- fire flapper
- firefly
- fireguard
- firehole
- fire hose
- firehouse
- fire hydrant
- fire in the belly
- fireless
- firelighter
- fireman
- firenado
- fireplace
- fireplug
- fireproof
- firer
- fire-resistant
- fire retardant
- fireshine
- fire ship
- fireside
- fire sign
- fire-starter
- fire station
- fire step
- firestop
- firestorm
- fire swab
- fire swatter
- fire teaser
- fire tower
- fire trench
- fire truck
- fire up
- fire whirl
- firewire
- firewoman
- firewood
- firework
- firey
- forest fire
- foxfire
- friendly fire
- gas fire
- grassfire
- grass fire
- Greek fire
- hair-on-fire
- hang fire
- heap coals on fire
- hold one's fire
- hold someone's feet to the fire
- irons in the fire
- light someone's fire
- no smoke without fire
- on fire
- open fire
- ordeal of fire
- pants on fire
- play with fire
- Promethean fire
- pull out of the fire
- rain fire and brimstone
- rapid fire
- real fire
- set one's hair on fire
- St Anthony's fire
- St Elmo's fire
- tire fire
- trial by fire
- Trumpster fire
DescendantsEdit
TranslationsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From Middle English firen, fyren, furen, from Old English fȳrian (“to make a fire”), from the noun (see above). Cognate with Old Frisian fioria (“to light a fire”), Saterland Frisian fjuurje (“to fire”), Middle Dutch vûren, vueren, vieren (“to set fire”), Dutch vuren (“to fire, shoot”), Old High German fiuren (“to ignite, set on fire”), German feuern (“to fire”).
VerbEdit
fire (third-person singular simple present fires, present participle firing, simple past and past participle fired)
- (transitive) To set (something, often a building) on fire.
- 1897, H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, “At the House in Great Portland Street”, in The Invisible Man: A Grotesque Romance, New York, N.Y.; London: Harper & Brothers Publishers, OCLC 904345282, page 186:
- ["]Then I slipped up again with a box of matches, fired my heap of paper and rubbish, put the chairs and bedding thereby, led the gas to the affair, by means of an india-rubber tube, and waving a farewell to the room left it for the last time."
"You fired the house!" exclaimed Kemp.
"Fired the house. It was the only way to cover my trail – and no doubt it was insured.["]
- 1887, H. Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure[1]:
- That lamp was the mummy of a woman tied to a stout stake let into the rock, and he had fired her hair.
- 1907, Jack London, The Iron Heel
- It was long a question of debate, whether the burning of the South Side ghetto was accidental, or whether it was done by the Mercenaries; but it is definitely settled now that the ghetto was fired by the Mercenaries under orders from their chiefs.
- (transitive) To heat as with fire, but without setting on fire, as ceramic, metal objects, etc.
- If you fire the pottery at too high a temperature, it may crack.
- They fire the wood to make it easier to put a point on the end.
- 1908, W[illiam] B[lair] M[orton] Ferguson, chapter IV, in Zollenstein, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, OCLC 731476803:
- So this was my future home, I thought! Certainly it made a brave picture. I had seen similar ones fired-in on many a Heidelberg stein. Backed by towering hills, […] a sky of palest Gobelin flecked with fat, fleecy little clouds, it in truth looked a dear little city; the city of one's dreams.
- (transitive) To drive away by setting a fire.
- 1609, William Shakespeare, “Sonnet 144”, in Shake-speares Sonnets. […], London: By G[eorge] Eld for T[homas] T[horpe] and are to be sold by William Aspley, OCLC 216596634:
- Till my bad angel fire my good one out.
- (transitive) To terminate the employment contract of (an employee), especially for cause (such as misconduct or poor performance).
- Antonym: hire
- 1969, Vladimir Nabokov, Ada or Ardor, Penguin 2011, p.226:
- The first, obvious choice was hysterical and fantastic Blanche – had there not been her timidity, her fear of being ‘fired’ […].
- (transitive) To shoot (a gun or analogous device).
- We will fire our guns at the enemy.
- He fired his radar gun at passing cars.
- (transitive, mining) To set off an explosive in a mine.
- 1887, H. Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure[2]:
- `Now are you both ready?' I said, as people do when they are going to fire a mine.
- (intransitive) To shoot a gun, cannon, or similar weapon.
- (transitive, sports) To shoot; to attempt to score a goal.
- 2010 December 29, Mark Vesty, “Wigan 2-2 Arsenal”, in BBC:
- Andrey Arshavin equalised with a superb volley into the corner before Nicklas Bendtner coolly fired Arsenal in front.
- (intransitive, physiology) To cause an action potential in a cell.
- When a neuron fires, it transmits information.
- (transitive) To forcibly direct (something).
- He answered the questions the reporters fired at him.
- (transitive, intransitive, computer sciences, software engineering) To initiate an event (by means of an event handler).
- The event handler should only fire after all web page content has finished loading.
- The queue fires a job whenever the thread pool is ready to handle it.
- To inflame; to irritate, as the passions.
- to fire the soul with anger, pride, or revenge
- 1700, [John] Dryden, “Cymon and Iphigenia, from Boccace”, in Fables Ancient and Modern; […], London: Printed for Jacob Tonson, […], OCLC 228732415:
- Love had fired my mind.
- To animate; to give life or spirit to.
- to fire the genius of a young man
- To feed or serve the fire of.
- to fire a boiler
- 1961 March, "Balmore", “Driving and firing modern French steam locomotives”, in Trains Illustrated, pages 150, 151:
- We left with the "Blue Train", dead on time. This time I fired all the way. […] The next day took me home again on No. E.16 with Henri Dutertre. I fired from Paris to Calais.
- (transitive) To light up as if by fire; to illuminate.
- c. 1593, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act III, scene ii]:
- [The sun] fires the proud tops of the eastern pines.
- (transitive, farriery) To cauterize.
- (intransitive, dated) To catch fire; to be kindled.
- (intransitive, dated) To be irritated or inflamed with passion.
- 1864, Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu, Uncle Silas:
- Inexperienced girl as I was, I fired at the idea of becoming his dupe, and fancying, perhaps, that there was more in merely answering his note than it would have amounted to, I said — "That kind of thing may answer very well with button-makers, but ladies don't like it. […]
SynonymsEdit
- (set on fire): See set on fire
- (transitive, shoot): let off, loose (archery), shoot
- (terminate the employment of): dehire, dismiss, give one's cards, give the boot, give the elbow, give the old heave-ho, let go, make redundant, sack, terminate, throw out, unhire; See also Thesaurus:lay off.
Derived termsEdit
- coal-fired, coalfired
- fire away
- fire off
- fire up
- firing (adjective, noun)
- oil-fired
- overfire
- overfired (adjective)
- ready, aim, fire
- underfire
- underfired (adjective)
- unfirable
- you're fired
TranslationsEdit
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Etymology 3Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Alternative formsEdit
- fye (nonstandard, Internet slang)
AdjectiveEdit
fire (not comparable)
TranslationsEdit
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Further readingEdit
AnagramsEdit
AsturianEdit
VerbEdit
fire
Crimean TatarEdit
NounEdit
fire
DanishEdit
< 3 | 4 | 5 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : fire Ordinal : fjerde | ||
Etymology 1Edit
From Old Norse fjórir, from Proto-Germanic *fedwōr, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres (“four”).
PronunciationEdit
NumeralEdit
fire
Usage notesEdit
In compounds: fir-.
Etymology 2Edit
From Middle Low German fīren, from French virer (“bear, veer”).
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
fire (imperative fir, infinitive at fire, present tense firer, past tense firede, perfect tense har firet)
- to lower something fixed to a rope or something similar
- 1871, Jens Andreas Friis, Lappisk Mythologi, page 138
- Saa gik han hen og firede Stenen og Vidietouget ned i Hullet.
- Then he went [to the hole] and lowered the rock and the wicker rope down into the hole.
- Saa gik han hen og firede Stenen og Vidietouget ned i Hullet.
- 2014, Teddy Vork, Diget, Tellerup A/S →ISBN
- Han satte sig på knæ, famlede sig frem til tovet og vendte sig rundt så han havde ryggen til hullet, drejede overkroppen bagud, firede faklen ned i hullet.
- He kneeled, fumbled his way to the rope and turned around, such that his back was to the hole, twisted his torso backwards, lowered the torch into the hole.
- Han satte sig på knæ, famlede sig frem til tovet og vendte sig rundt så han havde ryggen til hullet, drejede overkroppen bagud, firede faklen ned i hullet.
- 1871, Jens Andreas Friis, Lappisk Mythologi, page 138
ConjugationEdit
ItalianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin fierī (“to become, be”), present active infinitive of fiō. Compare Romanian fi.
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
fire
- (northern Italy, obsolete) to be
- Synonym: essere
Usage notesEdit
- The only forms attested outside of ancient Northern Italian literature are the future fia (third-person singular) and fiano (third-person plural).
ReferencesEdit
- fire in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
Norwegian BokmålEdit
< 3 | 4 | 5 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : fire Ordinal : fjerde | ||
Etymology 1Edit
From Danish fire, Old Norse fjórir, from Proto-Germanic *fedwōr, from *kʷetwṓr, the neuter form of Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres.
PronunciationEdit
NumeralEdit
fire
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
- fjerde (ordinal)
Etymology 2Edit
From French virer, via Middle Low German firen
VerbEdit
fire (imperative fir, present tense firer, passive fires, simple past fira or firet or firte, past participle fira or firet or firt, present participle firende)
ReferencesEdit
- “fire” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian NynorskEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old Norse fjórir, via Danish fire.
NumeralEdit
fire
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
- fjerde (ordinal)
Etymology 2Edit
From French virer, via Middle Low German firen.
VerbEdit
fire
ReferencesEdit
- “fire” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
RomanianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
NounEdit
fire n
Etymology 2Edit
NounEdit
fire f (plural firi)
- essence, substance, nature
- Synonym: natură
- character, temper, disposition
- Synonyms: caracter, temperament
- mind
- Synonym: minte
DeclensionEdit
Related termsEdit
TurkishEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Greek Φύρα (Fýra)
NounEdit
fire (definite accusative fireyi, plural fireler)
- wastage
- outage
- shrinkage, loss, loss in weight, decrease
- turnover
- ullage
- leakage
- waste, tret, deficiency
DeclensionEdit
Inflection | ||
---|---|---|
Nominative | fire | |
Definite accusative | fireyi | |
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | fire | fireler |
Definite accusative | fireyi | fireleri |
Dative | fireye | firelere |
Locative | firede | firelerde |
Ablative | fireden | firelerden |
Genitive | firenin | firelerin |