Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/cěsta
Proto-Slavic
editEtymology
editMost likely akin to *cěstiti (“to clean”) + *-a. Possibly an old calque of Latin strāta (“paved road”) or Ancient Greek πλατεῖα (plateîa, “street”), which according to Skok explains its limited distribution. According to Derksen, the best etymology is by Zubatý 1894 who connects it with Lithuanian káišti (“to scrape”), Proto-Indo-Iranian *káyćas (“curl of hair”) from Proto-Indo-European *keyḱ- (“to snap”), with "road" being a "worn path" or "flattened/cleared path"; compare Latin via trita (“beaten path, safe path”) and Polish utarta droga.
Alternatively, from pre-Slavic *cětta/*cědta related to Proto-Germanic *haiþī (“heath, wasteland”), Proto-Brythonic *koɨd (“forest”) from Proto-Indo-European *(s)keyt- (“to cleanse, to cut”) or to Latin scissus (“cut, split”), Ancient Greek σχῐστός (skhistós, “cloven, dissected”) from Proto-Indo-European *(s)keyd- (“to split, to cleave”).
Noun
editDeclension
editsingular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | *cě̀sta | *cě̀stě | *cě̀sty |
genitive | *cě̀sty | *cě̀stu | *cě̀stъ |
dative | *cě̀stě | *cě̀stama | *cě̀stamъ |
accusative | *cě̀stǫ | *cě̀stě | *cě̀sty |
instrumental | *cě̀stojǫ, *cě̀stǭ** | *cě̀stama | *cě̀stamī |
locative | *cě̀stě | *cě̀stu | *cě̀stasъ, *cě̀staxъ* |
vocative | *cě̀sto | *cě̀stě | *cě̀sty |
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Related terms
editDerived terms
edit- *cěstiti (“to cleanse, to castrate”)
Descendants
edit- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
edit- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1976), “*cěsta”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 3 (*bratrьcь – *cьrky), Moscow: Nauka, page 188
- Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1976), “*cěsta”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volumes 2 (caca – davьnota), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 83
- Skok, Petar (1971) “Proto-Slavic/cěsta”, in Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika [Etymological Dictionary of the Croatian or Serbian Language] (in Serbo-Croatian), volumes 1 (A – J), Zagreb: JAZU, page 259
- Alenka Šivic-Dular, Slovanska nomina appellativa za prometnice in njihova arealna distribucija, 2011, Folia onomastica Croatica, No.19, p. 251ff
References
edit- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*cě̀sta”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 76: “f. ā (a) ‘road’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “cěsta”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (SA 177)”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “cẹ́sta”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*cě̋sta”