Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/edlъka

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

*edlъka (Picea abies)

Etymology

From *ȅdlь (“spruce, fir”) +‎ *-ьka (“diminutive suffix”).

Noun

*ȅdlъka f

1. spruce, fir

Inflection

Declension of *ȅdlъka (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ȅdlъka	*edlъcě	*edlъky
genitive	*edlъky	*edlъku	*edlъkъ
dative	*edlъcě	*edlъkama	*edlъkamъ
accusative	*edlъkǫ	*edlъcě	*edlъky
instrumental	*edlъkojǫ, *edlъkǫ**	*edlъkama	*edlъkami
locative	*edlъcě	*edlъku	*edlъkasъ, *edlъkaxъ*
vocative	*ȅdlъko	*edlъcě	*edlъky

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: éлъка (élŭka)
    • Old Ruthenian: є́лка (jélka)
      • Belarusian: ёлка (jólka); е́лка (jélka), я́лка (jálka) (dialectal)
      • Ukrainian: я́лка (jálka), є́лка (jélka) (dialectal)
        • ⇒ Ukrainian: є́вка (jévka), ївка (jivka), и́вка (ývka, “horsetail”) (dialectal)
    • Middle Russian: éлка (élka)
      • Russian: ёлка (jólka); éлка (élka), іо́лка (iólka) (obsolete)
• South Slavic:
  • Macedonian: елка (elka)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: је̑лка

    Latin script: jȇlka

  • Slovene: ję̑lka, jelka
• West Slavic:
  • ⇒ Polish: jodełka

Further reading

• Anikin, A. E. (2021) “ёлка”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), numbers 15 (друг – еренга), Moscow: Nestor-Historia, →ISBN, page 318
• Martynaŭ, V. U., editor (1985), “ёлка”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 3 (га! – інчэ́), Minsk: Navuka i technika
• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2012), “яли́на”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volumes 6 (У – Я), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 543