Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/grabrъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

According to Pokorny, from Proto-Indo-European *grēb(ʰ)o-s, from the zero grade of *gerbʰ- (“to carve, dig out”).

Juxtapose Lithuanian skroblas, Latvian skābardis. Further compare Latvian Gruõbin̨a, Ancient Greek γράβιον (grábion, “torch”). Some authors argue for a non-Indo-European origin.

Noun

*grabrъ m

1. hornbeam

Declension

Declension of *grabrъ (hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*grabrъ	*grabra	*grabri
genitive	*grabra	*grabru	*grabrъ
dative	*grabru	*grabroma	*grabromъ
accusative	*grabrъ	*grabra	*grabry
instrumental	*grabrъmь, *grabromь*	*grabroma	*grabry
locative	*grabrě	*grabru	*grabrěxъ
vocative	*grabre	*grabra	*grabri

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old Ruthenian: грабъ (hrab)
    • Belarusian: граб (hrab)
    • Ukrainian: граб (hrab)
      • ⇒ Ukrainian: гра́би́на (hrábýna)
  • Russian: граб (grab)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: габър (gabǎr)
  • Macedonian: габер (gaber)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: граб

    Latin script: grab

  • Slovene: grȃbǝr (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: habr, hrabr
  • Kashubian: grôbk
  • Polish: grab
  • Slovak: hrab
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: hrab
    • Lower Sorbian: grab

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “граб”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress