Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kavъka

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Onomatopoeic.

Noun

*kavъka f

1. jackdaw (corvid)

   Synonym: *čavъka

Inflection

Declension of *kavъka (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kavъka	*kavъcě	*kavъky
genitive	*kavъky	*kavъku	*kavъkъ
dative	*kavъcě	*kavъkama	*kavъkamъ
accusative	*kavъkǫ	*kavъcě	*kavъky
instrumental	*kavъkojǫ, *kavъkǫ**	*kavъkama	*kavъkami
locative	*kavъcě	*kavъku	*kavъkasъ, *kavъkaxъ*
vocative	*kavъko	*kavъcě	*kavъky

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: ка́ўка (káŭka)
  • Carpathian Rusyn: ка́вка (kávka)
  • Ukrainian: ка́вка (kávka) (dialectal)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: ка́вка (kávka) (dialectal)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ка̑вка

  • Slovene: kȃvka (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: kavka
  • Kashubian: kôwka
  • Polish: kawka
  • Slovak: kavka
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: kawka
    • Upper Sorbian: kawka

• Non-Slavic:
  • → Romanian: ceucă

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ка́ва”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress