Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kopa

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Resultant noun of *kopati (“to dig”) +‎ *-a, cognate with Latvian kaps (“grave”), Lithuanian kãpas (“grave”).

Noun

*kopà f

1. heap, pile

Declension

Declension of *kopà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kopà	*kȍpě	*kȍpy
genitive	*kopý	*kopù	*kòpъ
dative	*kopě̀	*kopàma	*kopàmъ
accusative	*kȍpǫ	*kȍpě	*kȍpy
instrumental	*kopojǫ́	*kopàma	*kopàmi
locative	*kȍpě	*kopù	*kopàsъ, *kopàxъ*
vocative	*kopo	*kȍpě	*kȍpy

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Russian: копа́ (kopá)
  • Ukrainian: копа́ (kopá)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: копа́ (kopá)
  • Macedonian: копа (kopa)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ко̏па

    Latin script: kȍpa

  • Slovene: kópa
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: kopa
    • Czech: kopa
  • Kashubian: kòpa
  • Polish: kopa
  • Slovak: kopa
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: kора
    • Upper Sorbian: kора

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “копа́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*kopa”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 11
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “копа”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 607