Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/peťera

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative reconstructions

• *petjera
• *pektera

Etymology

From *peťь (“oven”) +‎ *-era, from *peťi (“to bake”) + *-tь.

Probably unrelated to Latin specus (“cave”)

Noun

*peťera f

1. cave

Declension

Declension of *peťera (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*peťera	*peťerě	*peťery
genitive	*peťery	*peťeru	*peťerъ
dative	*peťerě	*peťerama	*peťeramъ
accusative	*peťerǫ	*peťerě	*peťery
instrumental	*peťerojǫ, *peťerǫ**	*peťerama	*peťerami
locative	*peťerě	*peťeru	*peťerasъ, *peťeraxъ*
vocative	*peťero	*peťerě	*peťery

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

See also

• *askyni/*ěskyni
• *jama
• *vьrtьpъ

Related terms

• *pečura (possibly)

Derived terms

• *peťerьnъ

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: печера (pečera)
    • Belarusian: пячо́ра (pjačóra)
    • → Polish: pieczara (possibly)
      • → Kashubian: pieczara (proscribed)
    • Russian: печо́ра (pečóra)
      • ⇒ Russian: печу́рка (pečúrka)
    • Ukrainian: пече́ра (pečéra)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: пещера (peštera)
    • Bulgarian: пещера́ (pešterá)
    • → Russian: пеще́ра (peščéra)
  • Macedonian: пештера (peštera)
  • Serbo-Croatian: — (пѐћина)
• West Slavic
  • Kashubian: piecara
• → Aromanian: pishtireauã
• → Romanian: peșteră

Further reading

• Wiesław Boryś (2005) “pieczara”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego, Wydawnictwo Literackie, page 427
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “печо́ра”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “пещера”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “пещера”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 30
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “печурка”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 29
• Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1902) “печера”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎^[1] (in Russian), volumes 2 (Л – П), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 927
• France Bezlaj, Marko Snoj, Metka Furlan (1995) “pejca”, in Etimološki slovar slovenskega jezika, volume 3, Mladinska Knjiga, page 21