Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sǫdakъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

*sǫdakъ (Sander lucioperca)

Etymology

By surface analysis, *sǫd- +‎ *-akъ. Possibly from an earlier Pre-Slavic *sand-āk-; further etymology unknown. Perhaps a substrate word.

Noun

*sǫdakъ m

1. zander (Sander lucioperca); any fish of the genus Sander

Declension

Declension of *sǫdakъ (hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sǫdakъ	*sǫdaka	*sǫdaci
genitive	*sǫdaka	*sǫdaku	*sǫdakъ
dative	*sǫdaku	*sǫdakoma	*sǫdakomъ
accusative	*sǫdakъ	*sǫdaka	*sǫdaky
instrumental	*sǫdakъmь, *sǫdakomь*	*sǫdakoma	*sǫdaky
locative	*sǫdacě	*sǫdaku	*sǫdacěxъ
vocative	*sǫdače	*sǫdaka	*sǫdaci

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: *сѫдакъ (*sǫdakŭ)
    • Old Ruthenian: суда́къ (sudák)
      • Belarusian: суда́к (sudák)
      • Ukrainian: суда́к (sudák), (dialectal) суду́к (sudúk)
    • Middle Russian: суда́къ (sudák), судо́къ (sudók)
      • Russian: суда́к (sudák), (dialectal) судо́к (sudók)
        • → Tatar: судак (sudaq)
• South Slavic: (<^? *smǫď- < *sǫd-)
  • Bulgarian: смадо́к (smadók)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: сму̑ђ, (dialectal) смуч, смуђарак, смудина

    Latin script: smȗđ, (dialectal) smuč, smuđarak, smudina

  • Slovene: smȗč, smug, smoj
  • →? Slovak: smud (“zander”)
• West Slavic:
  • >? Czech: (dialectal) sandát, sanítka
  • Slovincian: sãdzoc
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: sandak
  • → Middle Low German: sandāt (see there for further descendants)

Further reading

• Kolomijec, V. T. (1983) Происхождение общеславянских названий рыб [The Origin of the Common Slavic Names of Fish] (К IX Международному съезду славистов) (in Russian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, pages 113-117
• Martynaŭ, V. U., Tsykhun, G. A., editors (1978–2017), “суда́к”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “суда́к”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2006), “суда́к”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volumes 5 (Р – Т), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 468
• Snoj, Marko (2016) “smȗč”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si