Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tъska

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

According to Vasmer, related to *tъščь (“hollow”).

Noun

*tъska f

1. melancholy, sorrow, grief

Declension

Declension of *tъska (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*tъska	*tъscě	*tъsky
genitive	*tъsky	*tъsku	*tъskъ
dative	*tъscě	*tъskama	*tъskamъ
accusative	*tъskǫ	*tъscě	*tъsky
instrumental	*tъskojǫ, *tъskǫ**	*tъskama	*tъskami
locative	*tъscě	*tъsku	*tъskasъ, *tъskaxъ*
vocative	*tъsko	*tъscě	*tъsky

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: тъска (tŭska)
    • Old Ruthenian: тоска (toska)
      • Belarusian: таска́ (taská) (dialectal)
      • Ukrainian: то́ска́ (tóská)
    • Russian: тоска́ (toská)
• West Slavic:
  • ⇒ Czech: teskný
  • ⇒ Old Polish: teskny
    • Polish: tęskny
  • ⇒ Slovak: tesklivý

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “тоска́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “тоска́”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 253
• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2006), “тоска”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volumes 5 (Р – Т), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN
• Tsykhun, G. A., editor (2010), “таска́”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 13 (су- – трапка́ч), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN