Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tolka

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Cognate to Latvian talka, Lithuanian talkà.

Noun

*tolka f

1. (collective) crowd, throng

   Synonym: *tъlpa

2. communal work

Inflection

Declension of *tolka (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*tolka	*tolcě	*tolky
genitive	*tolky	*tolku	*tolkъ
dative	*tolcě	*tolkama	*tolkamъ
accusative	*tolkǫ	*tolcě	*tolky
instrumental	*tolkojǫ, *tolkǫ**	*tolkama	*tolkami
locative	*tolcě	*tolku	*tolkasъ, *tolkaxъ*
vocative	*tolko	*tolcě	*tolky

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Related terms

nouns

• *tolkъ
• *tolkъno

 

verbs

• *telkti
• *telťi

 

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: талака́ (talaká)
  • Russian: толо́ка́ (tolóká)
  • Ukrainian: толо́ка́ (tolóká)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: тлака́ (tlaká)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: тла̏ка

    Latin script: tlȁka

  • Slovene: tláka (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Polish: tłoka
    • Polish: tłoka

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “толока́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress