Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/zěpati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂- (“to gape, yawn”). Akin to German geifen, Lithuanian žiópčioti, žiõplinti, žiopsóti and Old Norse geipa.

Verb

*zěpati

1. (intransitive) to yawn?, to yell?

   Synonyms: *kričati, *zěvàti

Inflection

Conjugation of *zěpati, *zěpa, *zěpajetь (sla, pro, -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*zěpanьje	*zěpati	*zěpatъ	*zěpalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*zěpanъ	*zěpajemъ
Active	*zěpavъ	*zěpaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*zěpaxъ	*zěpa	*zěpa	*zěpajǫ	*zěpaješi	*zěpajetь
Dual	*zěpaxově	*zěpasta	*zěpaste	*zěpajevě	*zěpajeta	*zěpajete
Plural	*zěpaxomъ	*zěpaste	*zěpašę	*zěpajemъ	*zěpajete	*zěpajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*zěpaaxъ	*zěpaaše	*zěpaaše	—	*zěpaji	*zěpaji
Dual	*zěpaaxově	*zěpaašeta	*zěpaašete	*zěpajivě	*zěpajita	—
Plural	*zěpaaxomъ	*zěpaašete	*zěpaaxǫ	*zěpajimъ	*zěpajite	—

Conjugation of *zěpati, *zěpa, *zěpľetь (sla, pro, -a/j-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*zěpanьje	*zěpati	*zěpatъ	*zěpalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*zěpanъ	*zěpľemъ
Active	*zěpavъ	*zěpľę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*zěpaxъ	*zěpa	*zěpa	*zěpľǫ	*zěpľeši	*zěpľetь
Dual	*zěpaxově	*zěpasta	*zěpaste	*zěpľevě	*zěpľeta	*zěpľete
Plural	*zěpaxomъ	*zěpaste	*zěpašę	*zěpľemъ	*zěpľete	*zěpľǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*zěpaaxъ	*zěpaaše	*zěpaaše	—	*zěpľi	*zěpľi
Dual	*zěpaaxově	*zěpaašeta	*zěpaašete	*zěpľivě	*zěpľita	—
Plural	*zěpaaxomъ	*zěpaašete	*zěpaaxǫ	*zěpľimъ	*zěpľite	—

Related terms

verbs

• *zijati
• *zìnǫti

 

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Russian: зёпать (zjópatʹ) (dialectal)
  • Ukrainian: зіпа́ти (zipáty)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: зяпам (zjapam)
• West Slavic
  • Czech: zípat
  • Polish: ziepać, zipać
  • Slovak: ziapať

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “зёпать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress