Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/alaŋ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Noun

*alaŋ

(Common Turkic) land, open land, (flat) ground, heath, (open) space, plain, open field, open place

Declension

Declension of *alaŋ

	Singular ³⁾
Nominative	*alaŋ
Accusative	alaŋnï, alaŋïg ⁴⁾, *alaŋnïg ¹⁾
Genitive	*alaŋnïŋ
Dative	*alaŋka
Locative	*alaŋda
Ablative	*alaŋdan
Allative	*alaŋgaru
Instrumental ²⁾	*alaŋïn
Equative ²⁾	*alaŋča
Similative ²⁾	*alaŋlayu
Comitative ²⁾	*alaŋlïgu

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants

Common Turkic:
- Proto-Oghuz: *alaŋ
  - West Oghuz:
    - Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (alañ)
      Ottoman Turkish: آلاڭ (alañ), آلاك (alañ), آلان (alan), الاڭ (ılañ), الاك (ılañ), الان (ılan); ալանկ (alang /⁠alañ⁠/) — Armeno-Turkish
      Turkish: alan
      → Armenian: ալանկ (alank)
      → Bulgarian: ала́н (alán)
      → Greek: αλάνι (aláni), αλάνα (alána)
      → Macedonian: алан (alan)
      ^[1]^[2]^[3]
- Kipchak:
  - Kipchak: الڭ (alañ)
    - South Kipchak:
      Kazakh: алаң (alañ)
- Karluk:
  - Karakhanid: اَلَنْكْ (alaŋ, alanɣ)
  - Uyghur: ئالاڭ (alang)

References

^ Kélékian, Diran (1911) “آلان”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[1], Constantinople: Mihran, page 32b
^ Redhouse, James W. (1890) “alañ آلاك”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[2], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 180b
^ Zenker, Julius Theodor (1866) “ylâg الاك”, in Türkisch-arabisch-persisches Handwörterbuch, volume 1 (overall work in German and French), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, page 85a

al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943
Clauson, Gerard (1972) “alaŋ”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 147
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “alan”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Nauka, page 134

[1] Kélékian, Diran (1911) “آلان”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[1], Constantinople: Mihran, page 32b

[2] Redhouse, James W. (1890) “alañ آلاك”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[2], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 180b

[3] Zenker, Julius Theodor (1866) “ylâg الاك”, in Türkisch-arabisch-persisches Handwörterbuch, volume 1 (overall work in German and French), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, page 85a

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