Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kaŋïr

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstruction

• *kaŋïrug

Etymology

Unclear, no reliable etymology can be posited.

According to Altaicists; this form is 'no doubt archaic' (older than *burun) and is cognate with Proto-Mongolic *kamar (“nose”) (Mongolian хамар (xamar)), Evenki оңокто (oŋoqto), Korean 코 (ko) and Japanese 嗅(か)ぐ (kagu). Although proposed forms match semantically, this type of comparisons are not reliable and scholarly consensus is against Altaic theory.

Northern Altai [script needed] (kanžïr, “beak”) is from Mongolic хошуу (xošuu) and unrelated to forms below despite semantic and sound similarities.

Noun

*kaŋïr

1. (Siberian Turkic) nose

   Synonyms: *burun, *tumšuk, *tāna

2. (Karluk Turkic, Oghuz Turkic) nasal cavity

   Synonym: *keŋiŕ

3. (?) nose bridge, nasal bone

   Synonym: *tīrek

Declension

Declension of *kaŋïr

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*kaŋïr
Accusative	*kaŋïrnï, *kaŋïrïg 4), *kaŋïrnïg 1)
Genitive	*kaŋïrnïŋ
Dative	*kaŋïrka
Locative	*kaŋïrta
Ablative	*kaŋïrtan
Allative	*kaŋïrgaru
Instrumental 2)	*kaŋïrïn
Equative 2)	*kaŋïrča
Similative 2)	*kaŋïrlayu
Comitative 2)	*kaŋïrlïgu

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants

• Oghuz:
  • East Oghuz:
    • Turkmen: gaňşyrawuk (“nasal cavity”), goňursamak (“to reek”)
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: [script needed] (qaŋrak, “nasal cavity”)
• Siberian:
  • Western Yugur: [script needed] (kaŋrïq, “nose”)
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan:
      • Tuvan: хаай (xaay, “nose”)
      • Tofa: хаай (xaay, “nose”)

References

• Dybo, Anna (2013). Этимологический словарь базисной лексики тюркских языков (in Russian). TOO - Prosper Print. p. 413.
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) “*kaŋur(uγ)”, in Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 232
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill