Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kamug

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

There have been two proposals for the etymology:

1. A borrowing from Middle Persian hmʾk' (hamāg, “all”), it also has a secure PIE etymology and as such cannot be a Turkic or Mongolic borrowing. This would also explain the -a- instead of -u- seen in Old Turkic.
2. A borrowing from Proto-Mongolic *kamug (“all”) from *kamu- (“to gather”) whence also *kamtu (“together”). Compare also Proto-Tungusic *kamur (“together”).

Noun

*kamug

1. all, everything

Declension

Declension of *kamug

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*kamug
Accusative	*kamugnï, *kamugug 4), *kamugnïg 1)
Genitive	*kamugnïŋ
Dative	*kamugka
Locative	*kamugda
Ablative	*kamugdan
Allative	*kamuggaru
Instrumental 2)	*kamugun
Equative 2)	*kamugča
Similative 2)	*kamuglayu
Comitative 2)	*kamuglugu

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants

• Common Turkic:

• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish: قمو (kamu)
    • Ajem-Turkic: هامو (hamu)
      • Azerbaijani: hamı
    • Ottoman Turkish: قموق (kamuk)
      • Turkish: kamu (“public”), (dialectal) hamu
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic: 𐰴𐰢𐰍 (qamaɣ)
    • Old Uyghur: qʾmʾq (qamaɣ), qʾmwq (qamuɣ)
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan:
      • Tuvan: хамык (xamık)

Further reading

• Lyrics of a folk song from Iğdır province, Turkey in lyricstranslate.com[1].

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 627
• al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kamu”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (1997) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume V, Moscow: Jazyki russkoj kulʹtury, page 243
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 229