Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yalïŋ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From *yal- (“to be stripped”) +‎ *-ïŋ (cf. *yalïn- (“to strip”), *yalïm (“bare”)).

Adjective

*yalïŋ

1. (Common Turkic) bare, naked
2. (Common Turkic, figurative) alone, lonely

Declension

Declension of *yalïŋ

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*yalïŋ
Accusative	*yalïŋnï, *yalïŋïg 4), *yalïŋnïg 1)
Genitive	*yalïŋnïŋ
Dative	*yalïŋka
Locative	*yalïŋda
Ablative	*yalïŋdan
Allative	*yalïŋgaru
Instrumental 2)	*yalïŋïn
Equative 2)	*yalïŋča
Similative 2)	*yalïŋlayu
Comitative 2)	*yalïŋlïgu

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Derived terms

• ⇒ *yalŋuz
• ⇒ *yalïŋ adak

Descendants

• Common Turkic: *yalïŋ

• Oghuz:
  • Western Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish:
      • Azerbaijani: yalın
      • Ottoman Turkish: یالیڭ (yalıñ)
        • Turkish: yalın
  • Eastern Oghuz:
    • Turkmen: ýalaň
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: یَالِنكْ (yalıŋ)
    • Chagatai: یالینگ (yalıŋ), یالانگ (yalaŋ)
      • Uyghur: يالاڭ (yalang)
      • Uzbek: yalang
• Kipchak:
  • Kipchak–Nogai:
    • Kazakh: жалаң (jalañ)
    • Nogai: ялан (yalan)
  • Kyrgyz–Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: жалаң (jalaŋ)
  • Kipchak–Bulgar:
    • Tatar: ялан (yalan)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic: 𐰖𐰞𐰭 (y¹l¹ŋ)

References

• al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “yalıŋ”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 929
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “yalın”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, pages 181-182
• Sevortjan, E. V., Levitskaja, L. S. (1989) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow: Nauka, page 104
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*jạlɨŋ”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill