Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yapurgak

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Clauson derives from *yapur- (“to smooth, level”) +‎ *-gak.

Noun

*yapurgak

1. (Common Turkic) leaf

   Synonym: *bür

Declension

Declension of *yapurgak (Common Turkic)

	singular	plural2)
nominative	*yapurgak	*yapurgaklar
accusative
genitive	*yapurgaknïŋ	*yapurgaklarnïŋ
dative	*yapurgakka	*yapurgaklarka
locative	*yapurgakta	*yapurgaklarda
ablative	*yapurgaktan	*yapurgaklardan
instrumental1)		*yapurgaklarïn
equative1)	*yapurgakča	*yapurgaklarča

¹⁾The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Common Turkic languages.
²⁾This plural suffix is used only on Common Turkic, and not in Oghur. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: [script needed] (yarpaq)
• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: yarpaq
    • Ottoman Turkish: یپراق (yaprak), یاپراق (yaprak)
      • Turkish: yaprak
      • Gagauz: yaprak
      • → Armenian: յափրախ (yapʻrax), ափրաղ (apʻraġ)
      • → Ladino: yaprak
      • → North Levantine Arabic: يبرق (yabraʔ)
      • → Romanian: iaprac
      • → Serbo-Croatian: japrak
  • Salar: yafraq, yarfaq
  • Turkmen: ýaprak
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: يَبُرْغاقْ (yapurɣāq)
    • Uyghur: يوپۇرماق (yopurmaq)
    • Uzbek: yaproq
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: япраҡ (yapraq)
    • Tatar: яфрак (yafraq)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: yapraq
    • Karachay-Balkar: чапракъ (çapraq)
    • Kumyk: япыракъ (yapıraq)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Karakalpak: жапырақ (japıraq)
    • Kazakh: жапырақ (japyraq)
    • Nogai: япырак (yapırak)
  • East Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: жалбырак (jalbırak)
    • Southern Altai: јалбырак (ǰalbïrak)
• Siberian:
  • Old Uyghur: yʾpyrqʾq̈ (yapïrğaq)
  • North Siberian:
    • Yakut: сэбирдэх (sebirdeq)
    • Dolgan: һэбирдэк
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan:
      • Tuvan: чөвүрээ (çövüree)
      • Tofa: чөъпрәә

References

• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*japur-gak”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill