Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/skalk

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *skalkaz.

Noun

*skalk m

1. servant, retainer

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*skalk
Genitive	*skalkas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*skalk	*skalkō, *skalkōs
Accusative	*skalk	*skalkā
Genitive	*skalkas	*skalkō
Dative	*skalkē	*skalkum
Instrumental	*skalku	*skalkum

Derived terms

• *marhaskalk
• *siniskalk

Descendants

• Old English: sċealc
  • Middle English: schalk, scalk, schalke, schalkke, shalk
    • English: shalk
    • Middle Scots: schalk, schak, schaik
• Old Frisian: skalk
  • (West Frisian: ontschalken)
• Old Saxon: skalk
  • Middle Low German: schalk (in compounds: erseschalk, marschalk, etc.)
• Old Dutch: scalc
  • Middle Dutch: scalc
    • Dutch: schalk (also in maarschalk)
• Old High German: skalk, scalc, scalk
  • Middle High German: schalc
    • German: Schalk
    • Luxembourgish: Schallek
  • → Italian: scalco (from Lombardic)
• → Vulgar Latin: scalcus (in compounds)
  • Medieval Latin: scalcius, scalciatus
  • Old French: escalque
• → Italian: scalco