Template:pi-conj-future/documentation

Introduction

This template presents the conjugation of the forms formed from the future stem, namely the future tense, the conditional, and the future participles. This template allows for the future and conditional and active and middle to have different stems. The template allows for use in both the lemma for the verb as a whole and as a 'lemma' for the future system in its own right. The parameter |label= (optional) allows one to label the tables accordingly. It defaults to first form in the first set of stems supplied for the future system.

The forms displayed are derived from stems, but for individual combinations of tense/mood, persons and numbers these forms may be supplemented or suppressed. The same principle applies to the participles.

The processing to generate the tables is primarily in the Lua module Module:pi-conj/verb.

General Principles of Tense Formation

There are two modes of operation. In the first, both active and middle are formed from the same stem(s). In the second, the active is formed from one set of stems, and the middle is formed from another set of stems. This second mode is commanded by the existence of the optional parameter |midl=middle_stem.

By default, the future middle stem is the same as the future active stem. The conditional active is formed from the future active, and the conditional middle is formed from the future middle. The participles are formed from the future stems.

The stems are input in the 3s of the present tense. A stem supplied as a middle voice form will only be used for generating forms in the middle voice; a stem supplied in an active voice form will be used for both voices if not suppressed by |midl= or |voice=act.

The first set of stems is supplied as the sole and optional positional parameter and by the keyword |cite=. The second set, restricted to use in generating middle forms is introduced by the keyword |midl=.

Tenses and Voices to Display

Pali verbs often have alternative forms. Alternative forms of the stems may be specified using keywords |cite2=, |cite3= and so on and parameters |midl2=, |midl3= and so on. The forms specified for the primary form should all be active or all be middle. The presentation of middle forms is suppressed by adding the argument |voice=act. If the first primary form is middle, the display of active forms will be suppressed.

For example, to display active forms for karissati and kāhati with only the middle forms of karissate, one can use {{pi-conj-future|karissati|cite2=kāhati|label=karoti|midl=karissati}}:

Conjugation of "karoti"

	Active		Middle
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Future
1st	karissāmi or kāhāmi	karissāma or kāhāma	karissaṃ	karissāmhe
2nd	karissasi or kāhasi	karissatha or kāhatha	karissase	karissavhe
3rd	karissati or kāhati	karissanti or kāhanti	karissate	karissante
Conditional
1st	akarissaṃ or akāhaṃ		akarissaṃ
2nd	akarissa or akarissi or akāha or akāhi	akarissatha or akāhatha	akarissa or akarissi	akarissatha
3rd	akarissā or akarissa or akāhā or akāha	akarissaṃsu or akāhaṃsu	akarissā or akarissa	akarissaṃsu

• Future active participle: karissant or kāhant, which see for forms and usage
• Future middle participle: karissant, which see for forms and usage

It would be more natural to use |midl=karissate, but for convenience the parameter will accept either an active or a middle form.

To display only the active forms, one can use {{pi-conj-future|karissati|cite2=kāhati|label=karoti|voice=act}}:

Conjugation of "karoti"

	Singular	Plural
Future
1st	karissāmi or kāhāmi	karissāma or kāhāma
2nd	karissasi or kāhasi	karissatha or kāhatha
3rd	karissati or kāhati	karissanti or kāhanti
Conditional
1st	akarissaṃ or akāhaṃ
2nd	akarissa or akarissi or akāha or akāhi	akarissatha or akāhatha
3rd	akarissā or akarissa or akāhā or akāha	akarissaṃsu or akāhaṃsu

• Future active participle: karissant or kāhant, which see for forms and usage

Which voices are displayed are defined by the parameters |voice= for the future, |cond_voice= for the conditional and |part_voice= for the participles. The valid values are 'both', 'act' to display only the active, 'midl' to display only the middle, and 'none' for no display. A value is ascribed to the parameter |voice= from the form of the active or only stem when not given by |voice=act or |voice=none. The setting |voice=midl is disallowed. If the form is active, it is ascribed the value 'both'; otherwise it is ascribed the value 'midl'. The values default to that ascribed to the parameter 'voice'.

Fine-Tuning of Forms

Finite forms of the verb may be supplemented or replaced by a parameter expressing voice (a/m), person (1/2/3) and number (s/p), e.g. {{pi-conj-future|dakkhati|a3s=dakkhiti|label=passati|voice=act}}, which yields the future active

Conjugation of "passati"

	Singular	Plural
Future
1st	dakkhāmi	dakkhāma
2nd	dakkhasi	dakkhatha
3rd	dakkhati or dakkhiti	dakkhanti

Multiple supplementary forms can be specified by parameters a3s2, a3s3 and so on. The precise effect is specified by another parameter, named by suffixing '_mod', which hasPali verbs with manual 1p conditional the following effects:

Value	Effect
before	The additional form(s) precede those derived by rule.
after	The additional form(s) follow those derived by rule.
replace	The additional form(s) replace those derived by rule
blank	No forms are displayed.

For the conditional, one prefixes 'cond_' for the conditional. The future active and middle participles can similarly be supplemented using |fap= and |fmp= respectively, with the precise effect defined as above by |part_mod=.

Tuning of Writing System

In the Burmese and Tai Tham scripts, there are two different vowels corresponding to ā. The choice depends on the preceding consonants, but there are different conventions. The parameter |aa= selects which value is used in the inflectional ending if the attested conventions may make different choices. The valid values are 'round', 'tall', 'both' and 'default'.

Note that the stem may limit the number of applicable conventions; it is the responsibility of the editor to avoid impossible combinations.

So far, |aa= has only been implemented for the Tai Tham script. The implementation is actually in Module:pi-decl/noun, so that the logic may be shared with nominal inflection.

Conditional Mood

The conditional has, in principle, an optional augment. It is not simple to apply the augment accurately - it may occur after a prefix of the verb, may coalesce with other vowels, and may call forth additional consonants. Furthermore, for some verbs the augment may be compulsory or may never be used. The behaviour of the augment is defined by the parameter 'augment' as follows:

Value	Effect
without	The augment is not used.
with_made	The augment is always present, and is simply applied by prefixing 'a-'.
with_given	The augment is always present, and the third-singular form is supplied in the parameters |cond= and |cond=.
both_made	The form may occur with and without the augment, and is simply made by prefixing 'a-'.
both_given	The form may occur with and without the augment, and the third-singular of the augmented form is supplied in the parameters |cond= and |cond_midl=.

If the verb has no |midl= parameter, the supplementary augmented form is supplied by the parameter |cond=. Otherwise, the augmented form is supplied by the parameter |cond= for the active and by the parameter |cond_midl= for the middle. If there are multiple forms, the extra forms are supplied in parameters |cond2=, |cond3=' and so on and |cond_midl2= and |cond_midl3= and so on.

There is a theoretical possibility that with implicit vowels a conditional 3s could be ambiguous between an active form ending in -ttha and a middle form ending in -atha. This can be avoided by instead using the active form in -tthā, which will have the same effect on the table.

Problems with the Conditional

Grammars give discordant accounts of the terminations of the conditional. To resolve these issues, it seems worthwhile recording each attested conditional form in a citation for future analysis. Verbs with conditionals in their inflection tables are being recorded in the maintenance category category:Pali verbs exhibiting conditional mood.

There is a particular problem with the ending of the first person plural active - some authorities say -amhā, but others say -āma. The template leaves that entry blank; the blank should only be filled with an attested form. Verbs with such manual tuning are being recorded in the maintenance category category:Pali verbs with manual 1p conditional. There is a very real possibility that this may now have become a regional difference, like the choice between initial vy and by.

To display what is claimed as the optative of atthi as a conditional, one could use the template call

{{pi-conj-future|assati|augment=without|cond_a1p=assāma|cond_a2s=assa|cond_a2s_mod=replace|cond_a3p=assuṃ|cond_a3p2=siyuṃ|cond_a3p_mod=replace|cond_a3s=assa|cond_a3s2=siyā|cond_a3s_mod=replace|cond_voice=act|part_voice=none|voice=none}}:

Conjugation of "assati"

	Singular	Plural
Conditional
1st	assaṃ	assāma
2nd	assa	assatha
3rd	assa or siyā	assuṃ or siyuṃ

Non-Roman Scripts

The standard nine non-Roman scripts are supported.