User:Dan Polansky/Phrasal verbs
Subject: English phrasal verbs.
Classification
editClassification 1:
- Phrasal verb
- Particle phrasal verb[WP]
- Cases: look up, switch off, give off, get up, sit down, slow down, hand over, hold over
- The word at the right is classified as "particle" or "adverb", not "preposition".
- Prepositional phrasal verb[WP]
- Cases: look after, look for
- The word at the right is an object-taking preposition.
- Three-word phrasal verb[Carl W. Hart]
- Cases: look forward to, get along with
- Wiktionary cases: come out with, come up with, crack down on, get around to, get out of, and many more.
- Hm; I don't like this. I would drop the last preposition from the headword of the phrasal verb, to obtain "look forward" and "get along". That verbs take prepositions is a phenomenon different from phrasal verbs. "Can I help you with the homework?" does not mean "help with" is a phrasal verb.
- Particle phrasal verb[WP]
Other classification:
Three-word phrasal verb
editThese are also in #Classification above. Examples:
- come out with (M-W[3],Macmillan[4], oxforddictionaries.com[5])
- come up with (Collins[6], Macmillan[7], oxforddictionaries.com[8])
- crack down on (oxforddictionaries.com[9])
- get around to (M-W[10], Macmillan[11], oxforddictionaries.com[12])
- get out of (M-W[13], Macmillan[14], oxforddictionaries.com[15])
double up as is in RFD, later at Talk:double up as.
Link to German
edit- "Phrasal verbs that contain adverbs are sometimes called "particle verbs", and are related to separable verbs in other Germanic languages."[WP]
Latin correspondence
editEnglish | Latin-root English | Prefix |
---|---|---|
get together | congregate | con (together) |
put off | postpone | post |
get out | exit | ex (out) |
give up | surrender | sur |
See also
editBooks
edit- The Ultimate Phrasal Verb Book by Carl W. Hart
- Chambers Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs
- Phrasal constructions and resultativeness in English by Marina Gorlach - continental, mentioning Saussure, claiming one sign has one "unitary" meaning; suspect
- A semantic approach to English grammar by Robert M. W. Dixon
- Multi-word Verbs in Early Modern English by Claudia Claridge
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- Google Books search