User:Victar/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵeh₂r-

This entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Onomatopoeic.^[1]

Root

*ǵeh₂r-

to make noise
to shout, call out

Alternative reconstructions

*ǵar-^[1]^[2]^[3]

Derived terms

Lua error in Module:rootsee at line 88: Unable to infer source from pagename 'User:Victar/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵeh₂r-' as it isn't a Reconstruction or Appendix page

Descendants

*ǵéh₂r-e-ti
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́áHrati
  - Proto-Iranian: *jáHrati
    - Proto-Scythian: *zārəti
      - Proto-Ossetic: *zārtɨ
        Old Ossetic: *zard
        Ossetian: (“to sing”)
        Digor Ossetian: зарун (zarun)
        
        Iron Ossetian: зарын (zaryn)

*ǵeh₂r-éye-ti (eye-causative)^[1]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́aHráyati
  - Proto-Iranian: *jaHráyati^[4]
    - Khwarezmian: [script needed] (yrÿ-)
    - Proto-Scythian: *zāryəti
      - Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *zāryəti
        Proto-Saka: *zārədɨ
        Late Khotanese: [script needed] (ysāräte, “to make noise, caw”)

*ǵéh₂r-ye-ti (ye-present)^[5]^[6]
- Proto-Italic: *gārjō^[5]
  - Latin: garriō (see there for further descendants)

*ǵh₂r̥-yé-ti (zero-grade ye-present)^[7]^[5]^[6]
- Proto-Celtic: *garyeti (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́Hr̥yáti
  - Proto-Iranian: *jHr̥yáti
    - Proto-Scythian: *zaryəti
      - Proto-Ossetic: *zaltɨ
        Old Ossetic: *zæld
        Ossetian: зӕлын (zælyn, “to sound”)

*ǵeh₂r-éh₂^[3]^[6]
- Proto-Germanic: *karō (see there for further descendants)

*ǵéh₂r-u-s^[5]^[6]
- Proto-Hellenic: *gā́rus^[4]
  - Ancient Greek: γῆρυς (gêrus)

*ǵóh₂r-i-s^[6]
- Proto-Celtic: *gāris^[8]^[4]
  - Middle Welsh: gawr
  - Old Irish: gáir

*ǵh₂r̥-yó-s^[9]
- Proto-Celtic: *garyos (see there for further descendants)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*ĝar-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 161
^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 354: “*ĝar-”
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “g̑ā̆r-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 352
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Template:iir:Lipp:2009
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “garriō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 255
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 ^6.4 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*karō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 281
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages *gar-yo-–153
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages *gāri-–152
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages *garyo-–153

[LIV-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*ĝar-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 161

[2] Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 354: “*ĝar-”

[IEW-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “g̑ā̆r-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 352

[Lipp-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Template:iir:Lipp:2009

[EDL-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “garriō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 255

[EDPG-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 ^6.4 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*karō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 281

[7] Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages *gar-yo-–153

[8] Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages *gāri-–152

[9] Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages *garyo-–153

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]