User:Victar/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/íštiš

This entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Unknown; possibly from Lua error in Module:parameters at line 360: Parameter 2 should be a valid language, etymology language or family code; the value "qfa-sub-bma" is not valid. See WT:LOL, WT:LOL/E and WT:LOF..^[1]

Noun

*íštiš f^[2]

brick

Inflection

masculine i-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*íštiš	*íštiH	*íštayas
vocative	*íštay	*íštiH	*íštayas
accusative	*íštim	*íštiH	*íštīn, -īš
instrumental	*íštiH	*íštibʰyām	*íštibʰiš
ablative	*íštayš	*íštibʰyām	*íštibʰyas
dative	*íštayay	*íštibʰyām	*íštibʰyas
genitive	*íštayš	*íštyawš	*íštayām?
locative	*íštā(w)?	*íštyawš	*íštišu

Alternative reconstructions

*íštaH^[2]^[1]
*íštyaH^[1]

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *íṣṭikaH
- Sanskrit: इष्टका (iṣṭakā), इष्टिका (iṣṭikā)
Proto-Iranian: *íštiš
- Younger Avestan: 𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬌𐬌𐬀 n (ištiia), 𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬌 (išti)
  - ⇒ Avestan: 𐬰𐬆𐬨𐬋𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬎𐬎𐬀 (zəmōištuua, “mud brick”)
- Old Persian: 𐎡𐏁𐎫𐎡𐏁 f (i-š-t-i-š /⁠ištiš⁠/)
  - Middle Persian: (“air-dried”)
    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (hšt' /⁠xišt⁠/) (prothetic unetymological h-)
    - Bakhtiari: خشت (xešt)
    - Classical Persian: خشت (xišt)
      - Iranian Persian: خشت (xešt)
      - Tajik: хишт (xišt)
        → Uzbek: [script needed] (gʻisht)
      - → Pashto:^[3]
        Pashto: خښته f (xë́ẍta)
        
        Waziri: [script needed] (xëšta)
        
        → Kohistani Shina: [script needed] (xüɛxtī)
      - → Sanglechi: خشت (xišt)^[4]
    - Parthian:
      Manichaean script: 𐫍𐫏𐫢𐫤𐫏𐫃 (hyštyg /⁠hištīg⁠/)
  - → Elamite: [script needed] (i-[iš-ti-iš])
- Tocharian B: iścem (“clay”)
- Wakhi: δetk, δeštik
  - → Shina: [script needed] (diṣṭík)^[5]^[6]
- Ormuri: [script needed] (xišt)
- Kurdish:
  Central Kurdish: خشت (xişt)
- Yazghulami: xɛṣ̌t
- Khufi: xeṣ̌t
- Bartangi: xiṣ̌t
- Baluchi: [script needed] (īt)
- → Kalasha: [script needed] (khiṣṭipokta)
- Kermanic:
  Lua error: The language code "kom" in the third parameter is not valid (see Wiktionary:List of languages).: hešt
  
  Abuzeydabadi: heš
  
  Cimbrian, Fataleka: xešt
  
  Qohrudi: xeš

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2
^{The template Template:R:iir:Lubotsky:1999 does not use the parameter(s): 2=*išt(i̯)a- `brick'
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Lubotsky, Alexander (1999) “The Indo-Iranian substratum”, in Early Contacts between Uralic and Indo-European: Linguistic and Archaeological Considerations‎^[1], Helsinki, page 4
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Schmitt, Rüdiger (2017–2018) “Chapter XVII: Indo-Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Indo-Iranian, page 1949: “*išta-, *išti- ‘brick’”
^ Cheung, Johnny (2011) Selected Pashto Problems II. Historical Phonology 1: On Vocalism and Etyma (Iran and the Caucasus)‎^[2], volume 15, numbers 1-2, Brill Academic Publishers
^ Morgenstierne, Georg (1938) “xišt”, in Iranian Pamir Languages (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume II, Oslo: Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning; H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard), page 423
^ Morgenstierne, Georg (1938) “δetk”, in Iranian Pamir Languages (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume II, Oslo: Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning; H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard), page 521
^ Morgenstierne, Georg (1973) “Chapter 8: Iranian feminines in čī”, in Irano-Dardica (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 5), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN

[Lubotsky-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^{The template Template:R:iir:Lubotsky:1999 does not use the parameter(s): 2=*išt(i̯)a- `brick'
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Lubotsky, Alexander (1999) “The Indo-Iranian substratum”, in Early Contacts between Uralic and Indo-European: Linguistic and Archaeological Considerations‎^[1], Helsinki, page 4

[HCHIEL-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Schmitt, Rüdiger (2017–2018) “Chapter XVII: Indo-Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Indo-Iranian, page 1949: “*išta-, *išti- ‘brick’”

[3] Cheung, Johnny (2011) Selected Pashto Problems II. Historical Phonology 1: On Vocalism and Etyma (Iran and the Caucasus)‎^[2], volume 15, numbers 1-2, Brill Academic Publishers

[4] Morgenstierne, Georg (1938) “xišt”, in Iranian Pamir Languages (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume II, Oslo: Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning; H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard), page 423

[5] Morgenstierne, Georg (1938) “δetk”, in Iranian Pamir Languages (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume II, Oslo: Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning; H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard), page 521

[6] Morgenstierne, Georg (1973) “Chapter 8: Iranian feminines in čī”, in Irano-Dardica (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 5), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN

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