Wiktionary uses the following system to transcribe Nanchang dialect of Gan Chinese. See Module:gan-pron for the codes.
IPA |
Xiong (1979[1], 1994[2]) |
MFCCD[3] |
Transcription |
Example |
Notes
|
/p/ |
p |
p |
b |
巴 |
|
/pʰ/ |
p‘ |
pʰ |
p |
爬 |
|
/m/ |
m |
m |
m |
馬 |
|
/f/ |
f |
f |
f |
花 |
|
/t/ |
t |
t |
d |
打 |
|
/tʰ/ |
t‘ |
tʰ |
t |
他 |
|
/l/ |
l |
l |
l |
拉 |
|
/t͡s/ |
ts |
ʦ |
z |
遮 |
|
/t͡sʰ/ |
ts‘ |
ʦʰ |
c |
車 |
|
/s/ |
s |
s |
s |
沙 |
|
/t͡ɕ/ |
tɕ |
ʨ |
j |
姐 |
only before high front vowels
|
/t͡ɕʰ/ |
tɕ‘ |
ʨʰ |
q |
且 |
only before high front vowels
|
/n̠ʲ/ |
ȵ |
ȵ |
ny |
膩 |
only before high front vowels
|
/ɕ/ |
ɕ |
ɕ |
x |
寫 |
only before high front vowels
|
/k/ |
k |
k |
g |
家 |
|
/kʰ/ |
k‘ |
kʰ |
k |
抲 |
|
/ŋ/ |
ŋ |
ŋ |
ng |
丫 |
|
/h/ |
h |
h |
h |
蝦 |
|
IPA |
Xiong (1994)[2] |
MFCCD[3] |
Transcription |
Example |
Notes
|
/z̩/ |
ɿ |
ɿ |
i |
資 |
only after /t͡s/, /t͡sʰ/, /s/
|
/i/ |
i |
i |
i |
衣 |
|
/u/ |
u |
u |
u |
烏 |
|
/y/ |
y |
y |
y |
迂 |
|
/a/ |
a |
ɑ |
a |
丫 |
|
/ia/ |
ia |
iɑ |
ia |
爺 |
|
/ua/ |
ua |
uɑ |
ua |
娃 |
|
/o/ |
o |
o |
o |
我 |
|
/uo/ |
uo |
uo |
uo |
窩 |
|
/e/ |
e |
e |
e |
許 |
|
/ie/ |
ie |
ie |
ie |
渠 |
|
/ue/ |
ue |
- |
ue |
- |
|
/ye/ |
ye |
ye |
ye |
靴 |
|
/ɵ/ |
ɵ |
ɵ |
eo |
而 |
|
/m̩/ |
m̩ |
- |
m |
姆 |
zero initial
|
/n̩/ |
n̩ |
n̍ |
n |
你 |
zero initial
|
/ŋ̍/ |
ŋ̍ |
ŋ̍ |
ng |
五 |
zero initial
|
/ai/ |
ai |
ai |
ai |
愛 |
|
/uai/ |
uai |
uai |
uai |
歪 |
|
/oi/ |
oi |
- |
oi |
- |
only used for interjections
|
/ei/ |
ei |
- |
ei |
- |
only used in contractions
|
/ɨi/ |
ɨi |
ɨi |
i |
灰 |
only after /f/
|
/ui/ |
ui |
ui |
ui |
委 |
|
/au/ |
au |
ɑu |
au |
咬 |
|
/ɛu/ |
ɛu |
ɛu |
eu |
猴 |
|
/iɛu/ |
iɛu |
iɛu |
ieu |
腰 |
|
/ɨu/ |
ɨu |
ɨu |
iu |
洲 |
only after /t͡s/, /t͡sʰ/, /s/
|
/iu/ |
iu |
iu |
iu |
優 |
|
/an/ |
an |
an |
an |
淹 |
|
/uan/ |
uan |
uan |
uan |
彎 |
|
/ɵn/ |
on |
ɵn |
on |
安 |
|
/uɵn/ |
uon |
uɵn |
uon |
完 |
|
/yɵn/ |
yon |
yɵn |
yon |
冤 |
|
/ɛn/ |
ɛn |
ɛn |
en |
恆 |
|
/iɛn/ |
iɛn |
iɛn |
ien |
煙 |
|
/ɨn/ |
ɨn |
ɨn |
iin |
本 |
|
/in/ |
in |
in |
in |
陰 |
|
/un/ |
un |
un |
un |
文 |
|
/yn/ |
yn |
yn |
yn |
雲 |
|
/aŋ/ |
aŋ |
ɑŋ |
ang |
坑 |
|
/iaŋ/ |
iaŋ |
iɑŋ |
iang |
影 |
|
/uaŋ/ |
uaŋ |
uɑŋ |
uang |
橫 |
|
/ɔŋ/ |
ɔŋ |
ɔŋ |
ong |
巷 |
|
/iɔŋ/ |
iɔŋ |
iɔŋ |
iong |
羊 |
|
/uɔŋ/ |
uɔŋ |
uɔŋ |
uong |
王 |
|
/uŋ/ |
uŋ |
uŋ |
ung |
翁 |
|
/iuŋ/ |
iuŋ |
iuŋ |
iung |
擁 |
|
/at̚/ |
at |
aʔ |
at |
鴨 |
|
/uat̚/ |
uat |
uaʔ |
uat |
挖 |
|
/ɵt̚/ |
ot |
ɵʔ |
ot |
喝 |
|
/uɵt̚/ |
uot |
uɵʔ |
uot |
活 |
|
/yɵt̚/ |
yot |
yɵʔ |
yot |
越 |
|
/ɛt̚/ |
ɛt |
ɛʔ |
et |
黑 |
|
/iɛt̚/ |
iɛt |
iɛʔ |
iet |
頁 |
|
/uɛt̚/ |
uɛt |
uɛʔ |
uet |
國 |
|
/ɨt̚/ |
ɨt |
ɨʔ |
iit |
不 |
|
/it̚/ |
it |
iʔ |
it |
一 |
|
/ut̚/ |
ut |
uɨʔ |
ut |
骨 |
|
/yt̚/ |
yt |
yʔ |
yt |
屈 |
|
/aʔ/ |
aʔ |
ɑʔ |
ah |
客 |
|
/iaʔ/ |
iaʔ |
iɑʔ |
iah |
額 |
|
/uaʔ/ |
uaʔ |
- |
uah |
- |
|
/ɔʔ/ |
ɔʔ |
ɔʔ |
oh |
惡 |
|
/iɔʔ/ |
iɔʔ |
iɔʔ |
ioh |
藥 |
|
/uɔʔ/ |
uɔʔ |
uɔʔ |
uoh |
郭 |
|
/uʔ/ |
uʔ |
uʔ |
uh |
屋 |
|
/iuʔ/ |
iuʔ |
iuʔ |
iuh |
肉 |
|