Tone L
|
Infinitive
|
ukwamukela
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukwamukela
|
ukungamukeli
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
yamukela
|
-amukele
|
Plural
|
yamukelani
|
-amukeleni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyamukela, ngamukela
|
engamukelayo, engamukela
|
ngamukela
|
angamukeli
|
engingamukeli
|
ngingamukeli
|
2nd singular
|
uyamukela, wamukela
|
owamukelayo, owamukela
|
wamukela
|
awamukeli
|
ongamukeli
|
ungamukeli
|
1st plural
|
siyamukela, samukela
|
esamukelayo, esamukela
|
samukela
|
asamukeli
|
esingamukeli
|
singamukeli
|
2nd plural
|
niyamukela, namukela
|
enamukelayo, enamukela
|
namukela
|
anamukeli
|
eningamukeli
|
ningamukeli
|
Class 1
|
uyamukela, wamukela
|
owamukelayo, owamukela
|
amukela
|
akamukeli
|
ongamukeli
|
engamukeli
|
Class 2
|
bayamukela, bamukela
|
abamukelayo, abamukela
|
bamukela
|
abamukeli
|
abangamukeli
|
bengamukeli
|
Class 3
|
uyamukela, wamukela
|
owamukelayo, owamukela
|
wamukela
|
awamukeli
|
ongamukeli
|
ungamukeli
|
Class 4
|
iyamukela, yamukela
|
eyamukelayo, eyamukela
|
yamukela
|
ayamukeli
|
engamukeli
|
ingamukeli
|
Class 5
|
liyamukela, lamukela
|
elamukelayo, elamukela
|
lamukela
|
alamukeli
|
elingamukeli
|
lingamukeli
|
Class 6
|
ayamukela, amukela
|
amukelayo, amukela
|
amukela
|
awamukeli
|
angamukeli
|
engamukeli
|
Class 7
|
siyamukela, samukela
|
esamukelayo, esamukela
|
samukela
|
asamukeli
|
esingamukeli
|
singamukeli
|
Class 8
|
ziyamukela, zamukela
|
ezamukelayo, ezamukela
|
zamukela
|
azamukeli
|
ezingamukeli
|
zingamukeli
|
Class 9
|
iyamukela, yamukela
|
eyamukelayo, eyamukela
|
yamukela
|
ayamukeli
|
engamukeli
|
ingamukeli
|
Class 10
|
ziyamukela, zamukela
|
ezamukelayo, ezamukela
|
zamukela
|
azamukeli
|
ezingamukeli
|
zingamukeli
|
Class 11
|
luyamukela, lwamukela
|
olwamukelayo, olwamukela
|
lwamukela
|
alwamukeli
|
olungamukeli
|
lungamukeli
|
Class 14
|
buyamukela, bamukela
|
obamukelayo, obamukela
|
bamukela
|
abamukeli
|
obungamukeli
|
bungamukeli
|
Class 15
|
kuyamukela, kwamukela
|
okwamukelayo, okwamukela
|
kwamukela
|
akwamukeli
|
okungamukeli
|
kungamukeli
|
Class 17
|
kuyamukela, kwamukela
|
okwamukelayo, okwamukela
|
kwamukela
|
akwamukeli
|
okungamukeli
|
kungamukeli
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngamukelile, ngamukelē
|
engamukelile, engamukelē
|
ngamukelile, ngamukelē
|
angamukelanga
|
engingamukelanga
|
ngingamukelanga
|
2nd singular
|
wamukelile, wamukelē
|
owamukelile, owamukelē
|
wamukelile, wamukelē
|
awamukelanga
|
ongamukelanga
|
ungamukelanga
|
1st plural
|
samukelile, samukelē
|
esamukelile, esamukelē
|
samukelile, samukelē
|
asamukelanga
|
esingamukelanga
|
singamukelanga
|
2nd plural
|
namukelile, namukelē
|
enamukelile, enamukelē
|
namukelile, namukelē
|
anamukelanga
|
eningamukelanga
|
ningamukelanga
|
Class 1
|
wamukelile, wamukelē
|
owamukelile, owamukelē
|
amukelile, amukelē
|
akamukelanga
|
ongamukelanga
|
engamukelanga
|
Class 2
|
bamukelile, bamukelē
|
abamukelile, abamukelē
|
bamukelile, bamukelē
|
abamukelanga
|
abangamukelanga
|
bengamukelanga
|
Class 3
|
wamukelile, wamukelē
|
owamukelile, owamukelē
|
wamukelile, wamukelē
|
awamukelanga
|
ongamukelanga
|
ungamukelanga
|
Class 4
|
yamukelile, yamukelē
|
eyamukelile, eyamukelē
|
yamukelile, yamukelē
|
ayamukelanga
|
engamukelanga
|
ingamukelanga
|
Class 5
|
lamukelile, lamukelē
|
elamukelile, elamukelē
|
lamukelile, lamukelē
|
alamukelanga
|
elingamukelanga
|
lingamukelanga
|
Class 6
|
amukelile, amukelē
|
amukelile, amukelē
|
amukelile, amukelē
|
awamukelanga
|
angamukelanga
|
engamukelanga
|
Class 7
|
samukelile, samukelē
|
esamukelile, esamukelē
|
samukelile, samukelē
|
asamukelanga
|
esingamukelanga
|
singamukelanga
|
Class 8
|
zamukelile, zamukelē
|
ezamukelile, ezamukelē
|
zamukelile, zamukelē
|
azamukelanga
|
ezingamukelanga
|
zingamukelanga
|
Class 9
|
yamukelile, yamukelē
|
eyamukelile, eyamukelē
|
yamukelile, yamukelē
|
ayamukelanga
|
engamukelanga
|
ingamukelanga
|
Class 10
|
zamukelile, zamukelē
|
ezamukelile, ezamukelē
|
zamukelile, zamukelē
|
azamukelanga
|
ezingamukelanga
|
zingamukelanga
|
Class 11
|
lwamukelile, lwamukelē
|
olwamukelile, olwamukelē
|
lwamukelile, lwamukelē
|
alwamukelanga
|
olungamukelanga
|
lungamukelanga
|
Class 14
|
bamukelile, bamukelē
|
obamukelile, obamukelē
|
bamukelile, bamukelē
|
abamukelanga
|
obungamukelanga
|
bungamukelanga
|
Class 15
|
kwamukelile, kwamukelē
|
okwamukelile, okwamukelē
|
kwamukelile, kwamukelē
|
akwamukelanga
|
okungamukelanga
|
kungamukelanga
|
Class 17
|
kwamukelile, kwamukelē
|
okwamukelile, okwamukelē
|
kwamukelile, kwamukelē
|
akwamukelanga
|
okungamukelanga
|
kungamukelanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngāmukela
|
engāmukela
|
ngāmukela
|
angamukelanga
|
engingamukelanga
|
ngingamukelanga
|
2nd singular
|
wāmukela
|
owāmukela
|
wāmukela
|
awamukelanga
|
ongamukelanga
|
ungamukelanga
|
1st plural
|
sāmukela
|
esāmukela
|
sāmukela
|
asamukelanga
|
esingamukelanga
|
singamukelanga
|
2nd plural
|
nāmukela
|
enāmukela
|
nāmukela
|
anamukelanga
|
eningamukelanga
|
ningamukelanga
|
Class 1
|
wāmukela
|
owāmukela
|
āmukela
|
akamukelanga
|
ongamukelanga
|
engamukelanga
|
Class 2
|
bāmukela
|
abāmukela
|
bāmukela
|
abamukelanga
|
abangamukelanga
|
bengamukelanga
|
Class 3
|
wāmukela
|
owāmukela
|
wāmukela
|
awamukelanga
|
ongamukelanga
|
ungamukelanga
|
Class 4
|
yāmukela
|
eyāmukela
|
yāmukela
|
ayamukelanga
|
engamukelanga
|
ingamukelanga
|
Class 5
|
lāmukela
|
elāmukela
|
lāmukela
|
alamukelanga
|
elingamukelanga
|
lingamukelanga
|
Class 6
|
āmukela
|
āmukela
|
āmukela
|
awamukelanga
|
angamukelanga
|
engamukelanga
|
Class 7
|
sāmukela
|
esāmukela
|
sāmukela
|
asamukelanga
|
esingamukelanga
|
singamukelanga
|
Class 8
|
zāmukela
|
ezāmukela
|
zāmukela
|
azamukelanga
|
ezingamukelanga
|
zingamukelanga
|
Class 9
|
yāmukela
|
eyāmukela
|
yāmukela
|
ayamukelanga
|
engamukelanga
|
ingamukelanga
|
Class 10
|
zāmukela
|
ezāmukela
|
zāmukela
|
azamukelanga
|
ezingamukelanga
|
zingamukelanga
|
Class 11
|
lwāmukela
|
olwāmukela
|
lwāmukela
|
alwamukelanga
|
olungamukelanga
|
lungamukelanga
|
Class 14
|
bāmukela
|
obāmukela
|
bāmukela
|
abamukelanga
|
obungamukelanga
|
bungamukelanga
|
Class 15
|
kwāmukela
|
okwāmukela
|
kwāmukela
|
akwamukelanga
|
okungamukelanga
|
kungamukelanga
|
Class 17
|
kwāmukela
|
okwāmukela
|
kwāmukela
|
akwamukelanga
|
okungamukelanga
|
kungamukelanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingamukela
|
—
|
ngingamukela
|
ngingamukele
|
—
|
ngingamukele
|
2nd singular
|
ungamukela
|
—
|
ungamukela
|
ungamukele
|
—
|
ungamukele
|
1st plural
|
singamukela
|
—
|
singamukela
|
singamukele
|
—
|
singamukele
|
2nd plural
|
ningamukela
|
—
|
ningamukela
|
ningamukele
|
—
|
ningamukele
|
Class 1
|
angamukela
|
—
|
engamukela
|
angamukele
|
—
|
engamukele
|
Class 2
|
bangamukela
|
—
|
bengamukela
|
bangamukele
|
—
|
bengamukele
|
Class 3
|
ungamukela
|
—
|
ungamukela
|
ungamukele
|
—
|
ungamukele
|
Class 4
|
ingamukela
|
—
|
ingamukela
|
ingamukele
|
—
|
ingamukele
|
Class 5
|
lingamukela
|
—
|
lingamukela
|
lingamukele
|
—
|
lingamukele
|
Class 6
|
angamukela
|
—
|
engamukela
|
angamukele
|
—
|
engamukele
|
Class 7
|
singamukela
|
—
|
singamukela
|
singamukele
|
—
|
singamukele
|
Class 8
|
zingamukela
|
—
|
zingamukela
|
zingamukele
|
—
|
zingamukele
|
Class 9
|
ingamukela
|
—
|
ingamukela
|
ingamukele
|
—
|
ingamukele
|
Class 10
|
zingamukela
|
—
|
zingamukela
|
zingamukele
|
—
|
zingamukele
|
Class 11
|
lungamukela
|
—
|
lungamukela
|
lungamukele
|
—
|
lungamukele
|
Class 14
|
bungamukela
|
—
|
bungamukela
|
bungamukele
|
—
|
bungamukele
|
Class 15
|
kungamukela
|
—
|
kungamukela
|
kungamukele
|
—
|
kungamukele
|
Class 17
|
kungamukela
|
—
|
kungamukela
|
kungamukele
|
—
|
kungamukele
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizokwamukela
|
engizokwamukela
|
ngizokwamukela
|
angizukwamukela
|
engingezukwamukela
|
ngingezukwamukela
|
2nd singular
|
uzokwamukela
|
ozokwamukela
|
uzokwamukela
|
awuzukwamukela
|
ongezukwamukela
|
ungezukwamukela
|
1st plural
|
sizokwamukela
|
esizokwamukela
|
sizokwamukela
|
asizukwamukela
|
esingezukwamukela
|
singezukwamukela
|
2nd plural
|
nizokwamukela
|
enizokwamukela
|
nizokwamukela
|
anizukwamukela
|
eningezukwamukela
|
ningezukwamukela
|
Class 1
|
uzokwamukela
|
ozokwamukela
|
ezokwamukela
|
akazukwamukela
|
ongezukwamukela
|
engezukwamukela
|
Class 2
|
bazokwamukela
|
abazokwamukela
|
bezokwamukela
|
abazukwamukela
|
abangezukwamukela
|
bengezukwamukela
|
Class 3
|
uzokwamukela
|
ozokwamukela
|
uzokwamukela
|
awuzukwamukela
|
ongezukwamukela
|
ungezukwamukela
|
Class 4
|
izokwamukela
|
ezokwamukela
|
izokwamukela
|
ayizukwamukela
|
engezukwamukela
|
ingezukwamukela
|
Class 5
|
lizokwamukela
|
elizokwamukela
|
lizokwamukela
|
alizukwamukela
|
elingezukwamukela
|
lingezukwamukela
|
Class 6
|
azokwamukela
|
azokwamukela
|
ezokwamukela
|
awazukwamukela
|
angezukwamukela
|
engezukwamukela
|
Class 7
|
sizokwamukela
|
esizokwamukela
|
sizokwamukela
|
asizukwamukela
|
esingezukwamukela
|
singezukwamukela
|
Class 8
|
zizokwamukela
|
ezizokwamukela
|
zizokwamukela
|
azizukwamukela
|
ezingezukwamukela
|
zingezukwamukela
|
Class 9
|
izokwamukela
|
ezokwamukela
|
izokwamukela
|
ayizukwamukela
|
engezukwamukela
|
ingezukwamukela
|
Class 10
|
zizokwamukela
|
ezizokwamukela
|
zizokwamukela
|
azizukwamukela
|
ezingezukwamukela
|
zingezukwamukela
|
Class 11
|
luzokwamukela
|
oluzokwamukela
|
luzokwamukela
|
aluzukwamukela
|
olungezukwamukela
|
lungezukwamukela
|
Class 14
|
buzokwamukela
|
obuzokwamukela
|
buzokwamukela
|
abuzukwamukela
|
obungezukwamukela
|
bungezukwamukela
|
Class 15
|
kuzokwamukela
|
okuzokwamukela
|
kuzokwamukela
|
akuzukwamukela
|
okungezukwamukela
|
kungezukwamukela
|
Class 17
|
kuzokwamukela
|
okuzokwamukela
|
kuzokwamukela
|
akuzukwamukela
|
okungezukwamukela
|
kungezukwamukela
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyokwamukela
|
engiyokwamukela
|
ngiyokwamukela
|
angiyukwamukela
|
engingeyukwamukela
|
ngingeyukwamukela
|
2nd singular
|
uyokwamukela
|
oyokwamukela
|
uyokwamukela
|
awuyukwamukela
|
ongeyukwamukela
|
ungeyukwamukela
|
1st plural
|
siyokwamukela
|
esiyokwamukela
|
siyokwamukela
|
asiyukwamukela
|
esingeyukwamukela
|
singeyukwamukela
|
2nd plural
|
niyokwamukela
|
eniyokwamukela
|
niyokwamukela
|
aniyukwamukela
|
eningeyukwamukela
|
ningeyukwamukela
|
Class 1
|
uyokwamukela
|
oyokwamukela
|
eyokwamukela
|
akayukwamukela
|
ongeyukwamukela
|
engeyukwamukela
|
Class 2
|
bayokwamukela
|
abayokwamukela
|
beyokwamukela
|
abayukwamukela
|
abangeyukwamukela
|
bengeyukwamukela
|
Class 3
|
uyokwamukela
|
oyokwamukela
|
uyokwamukela
|
awuyukwamukela
|
ongeyukwamukela
|
ungeyukwamukela
|
Class 4
|
iyokwamukela
|
eyokwamukela
|
iyokwamukela
|
ayiyukwamukela
|
engeyukwamukela
|
ingeyukwamukela
|
Class 5
|
liyokwamukela
|
eliyokwamukela
|
liyokwamukela
|
aliyukwamukela
|
elingeyukwamukela
|
lingeyukwamukela
|
Class 6
|
ayokwamukela
|
ayokwamukela
|
eyokwamukela
|
awayukwamukela
|
angeyukwamukela
|
engeyukwamukela
|
Class 7
|
siyokwamukela
|
esiyokwamukela
|
siyokwamukela
|
asiyukwamukela
|
esingeyukwamukela
|
singeyukwamukela
|
Class 8
|
ziyokwamukela
|
eziyokwamukela
|
ziyokwamukela
|
aziyukwamukela
|
ezingeyukwamukela
|
zingeyukwamukela
|
Class 9
|
iyokwamukela
|
eyokwamukela
|
iyokwamukela
|
ayiyukwamukela
|
engeyukwamukela
|
ingeyukwamukela
|
Class 10
|
ziyokwamukela
|
eziyokwamukela
|
ziyokwamukela
|
aziyukwamukela
|
ezingeyukwamukela
|
zingeyukwamukela
|
Class 11
|
luyokwamukela
|
oluyokwamukela
|
luyokwamukela
|
aluyukwamukela
|
olungeyukwamukela
|
lungeyukwamukela
|
Class 14
|
buyokwamukela
|
obuyokwamukela
|
buyokwamukela
|
abuyukwamukela
|
obungeyukwamukela
|
bungeyukwamukela
|
Class 15
|
kuyokwamukela
|
okuyokwamukela
|
kuyokwamukela
|
akuyukwamukela
|
okungeyukwamukela
|
kungeyukwamukela
|
Class 17
|
kuyokwamukela
|
okuyokwamukela
|
kuyokwamukela
|
akuyukwamukela
|
okungeyukwamukela
|
kungeyukwamukela
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngamukele
|
ngingamukeli
|
2nd singular
|
wamukele
|
ungamukeli
|
1st plural
|
samukele
|
singamukeli
|
2nd plural
|
namukele
|
ningamukeli
|
Class 1
|
amukele
|
angamukeli
|
Class 2
|
bamukele
|
bangamukeli
|
Class 3
|
wamukele
|
ungamukeli
|
Class 4
|
yamukele
|
ingamukeli
|
Class 5
|
lamukele
|
lingamukeli
|
Class 6
|
amukele
|
angamukeli
|
Class 7
|
samukele
|
singamukeli
|
Class 8
|
zamukele
|
zingamukeli
|
Class 9
|
yamukele
|
ingamukeli
|
Class 10
|
zamukele
|
zingamukeli
|
Class 11
|
lwamukele
|
lungamukeli
|
Class 14
|
bamukele
|
bungamukeli
|
Class 15
|
kwamukele
|
kungamukeli
|
Class 17
|
kwamukele
|
kungamukeli
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngamukela
|
ngangamukela, angamukela, angangamukela
|
2nd singular
|
wamukela
|
wangamukela, awamukela, awangamukela
|
1st plural
|
samukela
|
sangamukela, asamukela, asangamukela
|
2nd plural
|
namukela
|
nangamukela, anamukela, anangamukela
|
Class 1
|
wamukela
|
wangamukela, akamukela, akangamukela
|
Class 2
|
bamukela
|
bangamukela, abamukela, abangamukela
|
Class 3
|
wamukela
|
wangamukela, awamukela, awangamukela
|
Class 4
|
yamukela
|
yangamukela, ayamukela, ayangamukela
|
Class 5
|
lamukela
|
langamukela, alamukela, alangamukela
|
Class 6
|
amukela
|
angamukela, awamukela, awangamukela
|
Class 7
|
samukela
|
sangamukela, asamukela, asangamukela
|
Class 8
|
zamukela
|
zangamukela, azamukela, azangamukela
|
Class 9
|
yamukela
|
yangamukela, ayamukela, ayangamukela
|
Class 10
|
zamukela
|
zangamukela, azamukela, azangamukela
|
Class 11
|
lwamukela
|
lwangamukela, alwamukela, alwangamukela
|
Class 14
|
bamukela
|
bangamukela, abamukela, abangamukela
|
Class 15
|
kwamukela
|
kwangamukela, akwamukela, akwangamukela
|
Class 17
|
kwamukela
|
kwangamukela, akwamukela, akwangamukela
|