củng cố

See also: cứng cổ

Vietnamese

Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 鞏固.

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [kʊwŋ͡m˧˩ ko˧˦]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [kʊwŋ͡m˧˨ kow˨˩˦]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [kʊwŋ͡m˨˩˦ kow˦˥]

Verb

củng cố

1. (transitive) to strengthen; to solidify; to consolidate; to fortify