Vietnamese edit

Etymology edit

ch- reduplication of vật (to wrestle), with semantic influence from chật (tight, narrow).

Pronunciation edit

Adjective edit

chật vật (𡒻𢪱)

  1. strenuous; arduous; toilsome; laborious; strugglesome (especially of life itself)

Adverb edit

chất vật (𡒻𢪱)

  1. strenuously; arduously; laboriously