cirman

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *karmijan; equivalent to ċyrm (“noise”) +‎ -an.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃir.mɑn/, [ˈt͡ʃirˠ.mɑn]

Verb

ċirman

1. (intransitive) to make a noise, chirm, cry out, shout
   • 10th century, Exeter Book Riddle 8‎^[1]:

     Iċ… hlūde ċirme, healde mīne wīsan, hlēoþre ne mīþe,…

     I… loudly cry out, hold my tone, don't hide a sound,…

Conjugation

Conjugation of ċirman (weak class 1)

infinitive	ċirman	ċirmenne
indicative mood	present tense	past tense
first person singular	ċirme	ċirmde
second person singular	ċirmest, ċirmst	ċirmdest
third person singular	ċirmeþ, ċirmþ	ċirmde
plural	ċirmaþ	ċirmdon
subjunctive	present tense	past tense
singular	ċirme	ċirmde
plural	ċirmen	ċirmden
imperative
singular	ċirm
plural	ċirmaþ
participle	present	past
	ċirmende	(ġe)ċirmed

Descendants

• Middle English: chirmen
  • English: chirm
  • Scots: chirm, churm

References

• Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “ċirman”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary‎^[2], 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.