connoître
French edit
Etymology edit
From Latin cognōscō. Compare with modern French connaître and connaitre.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
connoître
- Archaic spelling of connaître.
- L’homme qui veut connoître toutes choses ne se connoît pas lui-même. (Œuvres mêlées de Saint-Évremond, Paris 1865)
Conjugation edit
This verb is one of a fairly small group of -re verbs, that are all conjugated the same way. They are unlike other verb groups in that the 'i' is given a circumflex before a 't'. This conjugation pattern is no longer in use and has been replaced by -aître.
Conjugation of connoître (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | connoître | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | connoissant /kɔ.nɛ.sɑ̃/ or /kɔ.ne.sɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | connu /kɔ.ny/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | connois /kɔ.nɛ/ |
connois /kɔ.nɛ/ |
connoit /kɔ.nɛ/ |
connoissons /kɔ.nɛ.sɔ̃/ or /kɔ.ne.sɔ̃/ |
connoissez /kɔ.nɛ.se/ or /kɔ.ne.se/ |
connoissent /kɔ.nɛs/ |
| imperfect | connoissais /kɔ.nɛ.sɛ/ or /kɔ.ne.sɛ/ |
connoissais /kɔ.nɛ.sɛ/ or /kɔ.ne.sɛ/ |
connoissait /kɔ.nɛ.sɛ/ or /kɔ.ne.sɛ/ |
connoissions /kɔ.nɛ.sjɔ̃/ or /kɔ.ne.sjɔ̃/ |
connoissiez /kɔ.nɛ.sje/ or /kɔ.ne.sje/ |
connoissaient /kɔ.nɛ.sɛ/ or /kɔ.ne.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | connus /kɔ.ny/ |
connus /kɔ.ny/ |
connut /kɔ.ny/ |
connûmes /kɔ.nym/ |
connûtes /kɔ.nyt/ |
connurent /kɔ.nyʁ/ | |
| future | connoîtrai /kɔ.nɛ.tʁe/ or /kɔ.ne.tʁe/ |
connoîtras /kɔ.nɛ.tʁa/ or /kɔ.ne.tʁa/ |
connoîtra /kɔ.nɛ.tʁa/ or /kɔ.ne.tʁa/ |
connoîtrons /kɔ.nɛ.tʁɔ̃/ or /kɔ.ne.tʁɔ̃/ |
connoîtrez /kɔ.nɛ.tʁe/ or /kɔ.ne.tʁe/ |
connoîtront /kɔ.nɛ.tʁɔ̃/ or /kɔ.ne.tʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | connoîtrais /kɔ.nɛ.tʁɛ/ or /kɔ.ne.tʁɛ/ |
connoîtrais /kɔ.nɛ.tʁɛ/ or /kɔ.ne.tʁɛ/ |
connoîtrait /kɔ.nɛ.tʁɛ/ or /kɔ.ne.tʁɛ/ |
connoîtrions /kɔ.nɛ.tʁi.jɔ̃/ or /kɔ.ne.tʁi.jɔ̃/ |
connoîtriez /kɔ.nɛ.tʁi.je/ or /kɔ.ne.tʁi.je/ |
connoîtraient /kɔ.nɛ.tʁɛ/ or /kɔ.ne.tʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | connoisse /kɔ.nɛs/ |
connoisses /kɔ.nɛs/ |
connoisse /kɔ.nɛs/ |
connoissions /kɔ.nɛ.sjɔ̃/ or /kɔ.ne.sjɔ̃/ |
connoissiez /kɔ.nɛ.sje/ or /kɔ.ne.sje/ |
connoissent /kɔ.nɛs/ |
| imperfect2 | connusse /kɔ.nys/ |
connusses /kɔ.nys/ |
connût /kɔ.ny/ |
connussions /kɔ.ny.sjɔ̃/ |
connussiez /kɔ.ny.sje/ |
connussent /kɔ.nys/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | connois /kɔ.nɛ/ |
— | connoissons /kɔ.nɛ.sɔ̃/ or /kɔ.ne.sɔ̃/ |
connoissez /kɔ.nɛ.se/ or /kɔ.ne.se/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||