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en

See also: Appendix:Variations of "en"

Contents

EnglishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Abbreviation.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

en

  1. English

Etymology 2Edit

The name of the letter comes from Latin en. The typographic sense dates to 1793.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

en (plural ens)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter N.
    The ems and ens at the beginnings and ends.
  2. (typography) A unit of measurement equal to half an em (half the height of the type in use).
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.
Translations to be checked
See alsoEdit

Etymology 3Edit

From French.

PronunciationEdit

  • (imitating the French pronunciation) IPA(key): [ɑ̃], [õ]
  • (anglicised) IPA(key): /ɒn/, /ɑn/

PrepositionEdit

en

  1. Used in various phrases borrowed from French or formed as if borrowed from French (see "Derived terms" below).
Derived termsEdit

AnagramsEdit

AfrikaansEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Dutch en.

PronunciationEdit

ConjunctionEdit

en

  1. and
    Ek sit en drink koeldrank ― I sit and drink a cold drink.
  2. well
    En? ― well?

Alemannic GermanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle High German ein, from Old High German ein, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz, from Proto-Indo-European *óynos. Cognate with German ein, German Low German en, ein, Dutch een, English one, Icelandic einn, Swedish en.

PronunciationEdit

ArticleEdit

en m

  1. (indefinite) a, an

DeclensionEdit

Declension of en
masculine feminine neuter plural
nominative/accusative en e es -
dative emene enere emene -
  • Short forms of the dative – eme, ere, eme – are also common.

AsturianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin in, from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

PrepositionEdit

en

  1. in

Usage notesEdit

  • The preposition en contracts to n' before a word beginning with a vowel or h-: n'Asturies (in Asturias), n'honor (in honor)

Derived termsEdit

BretonEdit

ContractionEdit

en

  1. e (preposition "in") + un (indefinite article "a(n)")
  2. e (preposition "in") + an (definite article "the")

CatalanEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From the final syllable of Latin domine (“Mister”).

ArticleEdit

en m sg (elided n', feminine na)

  1. (Eastern Catalan) Personal article used before masculine given names instead of the definite article el.
Usage notesEdit
  • While this article (and its feminine counterpart na) is standard in Balearic Catalan, in other Eastern Catalan dialects its use is waning, and the elided of the definite article, l', is used before names beginning with vowels. There is no plural personal article, so the plural definite article els is used in all dialects.
Derived termsEdit
  • can (contraction of ca and ne)

Etymology 2Edit

From Old Occitan, from Latin in (“in, inside”), from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

PrepositionEdit

en

  1. in

Etymology 3Edit

From Latin inde (“thence”). Compare French en.

PronounEdit

en (proclitic, contracted n', enclitic ne, contracted enclitic 'n)

  1. Represents an indeterminate number or quantity of a given noun.
  2. Represents a place (associated with the action described by the verb) that would be introduced by the preposition de.
  3. Replaces a phrase introduced by the preposition de.
  4. Replaces the object of a causative verb.
Usage notesEdit
  • En cannot be used more than once as the object of a given verb.
  • While en is usually used to replace phrases beginning with the prepostion de, adverbial phrases (e.g., de pressa) are replaced with hi.
  • En is sometimes used instead of ho to replace an adjective or indefinite noun as the predicate of a verb.
  • En is sometimes used popularly to add emphasis to a sentence: in this sense, it has no translation in English.
DeclensionEdit
Catalan personal pronouns and clitics
strong/subject weak (direct object) weak (indirect object) possessive
singular proclitic enclitic proclitic enclitic
1st person jo, mi3 em, m’ -me, ’m em, m’ -me, ’m meu
1st person majestic1 nós ens -nos, ’ns ens -nos, ’ns nostre
2nd person tu et, t’ -te, ’t et, t’ -te, ’t teu
2nd person formal1 vós us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
2nd person very formal2 vostè el, l’ -lo, ’l li -li seu
3rd person masculine ell el, l’ -lo, ’l li -li seu
3rd person feminine ella la, l’4 -la li -li seu
3rd person neuter ho -ho li -li seu
3rd person reflexive si es, s’ -se, ’s es, s’ -se, ’s seu
plural
1st person nosaltres ens -nos, ’ns ens -nos, ’ns nostre
2nd person vosaltres us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
2nd person formal2 vostès els -los, ’ls els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person masculine ells els -los, ’ls els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person feminine elles les -les els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person reflexive si es, s’ -se, ’s es, s’ -se, ’s seu
adverbial
ablative/genitive en, n’ -ne, ’n
locative hi -hi
1) Behaves grammatically as plural.
2) Behaves grammatically as third person. 		3) Only as object of a preposition.
4) Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

See alsoEdit

Further readingEdit

Central FranconianEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Old High German in.

Alternative formsEdit

PronunciationEdit

PrepositionEdit

en

  1. (most dialects) in; into

AdverbEdit

en

  1. (most dialects) in

Etymology 2Edit

From Old High German indi.

Alternative formsEdit

  • on, un (predominant)

PronunciationEdit

ConjunctionEdit

en

  1. (some western dialects) and

Etymology 3Edit

From Old High German ein.

Alternative formsEdit

  • e (neuter and in some dialects masculine, before non-dental consonants)

PronunciationEdit

ArticleEdit

en (indefinite)

  1. (most dialects) feminine nominative and accusative
  2. (most dialects) neuter nominative and accusative, used before vowels and alternatively before h and dental consonants
  3. (some dialects) masculine nominative, used before vowels and alternatively before h and dental consonants
  4. (some dialects) masculine accusative, used before vowels and alternatively before h and dental consonants

Etymology 4Edit

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

en (personal, reduced)

  1. (most dialects) him; masculine accusative
  2. (some dialects) he; masculine nominative
  3. (most dialects) them; plural dative

ChuukeseEdit

PronounEdit

en

  1. Second-person singular pronoun; you

See alsoEdit

Chuukese personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person ngaang, nganga, ngang áám, am (exclusive)
kiich, kich (inclusive)
2nd person een, en áámi, ami
3rd person iiy, i iir, ir

DeterminerEdit

en (plural ekkan)

  1. this (not in possession of the speaker)

CimbrianEdit

PronounEdit

en

  1. Alternative form of in (“him”)

ResourcesEdit

  • “en” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

Crimean TatarEdit

NounEdit

en

  1. width

CzechEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

en n

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter N.

Further readingEdit

DalmatianEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin in.

PrepositionEdit

en

  1. in

Related termsEdit

DanishEdit

Danish cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : en
    Ordinal : første

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse einn, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz (“one, some”), from Proto-Indo-European *óynos (“one”).

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /en/, [en], (stressed) [ˈenˀ]

ArticleEdit

en (neuter et)

  1. a, an

NumeralEdit

en (neuter et)

  1. one

PronounEdit

en or én (neuter et or ét, definite ene)

  1. one

DutchEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • Rhymes: -ɛn
  • Stressed: IPA(key): /ɛn/
  • Unstressed: IPA(key): /ən/
  • audio
    		(file)

Etymology 1Edit

From Middle Dutch ende, from Old Dutch ande, inde, from Proto-Germanic *andi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂entí.

ConjunctionEdit

en

  1. and
    De oude man en de zee. ― The Old Man and the Sea.
  2. well, so
    En, hoe gaat het ermee? ― Well, how're you doing?
    En? ― Well?
    En, wat zou dat? ― So what?
  3. (mathematics) plus, and
    Drie en vier is zeven. ― Three plus four is seven.
Alternative formsEdit
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
  • Afrikaans: en
See alsoEdit

Etymology 2Edit

From Middle Dutch ne, en, from Old Dutch ne, from Proto-Germanic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne.

AdverbEdit

en

  1. (obsolete) (en ... niet) not
    • "Herr Halewyn", A.H. Hoffmann von Fallersleben, Horae Belgicae, page 41.
      ‘Uw zoon heer Halewyn is gaen jagen, / g’ en ziet hem weêr uw levens dagen.’
      'Your son Lord Halewyn has gone hunting / you won't see him again for the rest of your life.'
    ...dat aldaer binnen Utrecht niet meer geacht ende respecteert en wordt, ... ― that in Utrecht is no longer valued and respected...

AnagramsEdit

EsperantoEdit

EtymologyEdit

  This entry lacks etymological information. If you are familiar with the origin of this term, please add it to the page per etymology instructions, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.

PronunciationEdit

PrepositionEdit

en

  1. in, within, inside
    Ĝi estas en la domo. ― It is in (within, inside) the house.
  2. into (when followed by a noun or phrase in the accusative case)
    Li iras en la domon. ― He goes into the house.

Derived termsEdit

FalaEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Portuguese en, from Latin in (“in”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én.

PrepositionEdit

en

  1. in
    • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Chapter 2: Númerus:
      Cumu to é custión de proporciós, sin que sirva de argumentu por nun fel falta, poemus vel que en a misma Europa hai Estaus Soberarius con menus territoriu que os tres lugaris nossus, cumu: […]
      As everything is a matter of proportions, without its presence being an argument, we can see that even in Europe there are Sovereign States with less territory than our three places, such as: […]

FinnishEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ˈen/, [ˈe̞n]
  • Hyphenation: en

VerbEdit

en

  1. The first-person singular form of the negation verb. The English translations include do not/don’t and not (with auxiliary verbs and be).

Usage notesEdit

  • The negative verb is used with the connegative form of the main verb. That form is identical to the second-person singular imperative in the indicative present. The potential mood connegative ends in the marker for the mood, -ne-, and the conditional mood connegative ends in the marker for the mood, -isi-. In the indicative past, conditional past and potential past, the active past participle singular (ending -ut/-yt) is used. The connegative form of the main verb is always used without the personal suffix.
  • Usage of en:
  • Indicative:
  • Minä näen. (I see.) -> Minä en näe. (I do not see.)
  • Minä näin. (I saw.) -> Minä en nähnyt. (I did not see.)
  • Minä olen nähnyt. (I have seen.) -> Minä en ole nähnyt. (I have not seen.)
  • Minä olin nähnyt. (I had seen.) -> Minä en ollut nähnyt. (I had not seen.)
  • Conditional:
  • Minä näkisin. (I would see.) -> Minä en näkisi. (I would not see.)
  • Minä olisin nähnyt. (I would have seen.) -> Minä en olisi nähnyt. (I would not have seen.)
  • Potential:
  • Minä nähnen. (I probably see.) -> Minä en nähne. (I probably do not see.)
  • Minä lienen nähnyt. (I have probably seen.) -> Minä en liene nähnyt. (I have probably not seen.)

ConjugationEdit

  • The negation verb has no infinitive form.
  • Indicative, conditional and potential moods use the indicative forms (stem e-), for which the verb is conjugated only in person.
  • In the imperative mood the negation verb has the stem äl-.
  • An archaic optative mood exists and is used mainly in poetry.
person indicative mood imperative mood optative mood
1st sing. en (älkääni, älkäämi) (ällön)
2nd sing. et älä (ällös)
3rd sing. ei älköön (älköön)
1st plur. emme älkäämme (älköömme)
2nd plur. ette älkää (älköötte)
3rd plur. eivät älkööt (älkööt)

AnagramsEdit

FrenchEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Middle French en, from Old French en, from Latin in, from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

PrepositionEdit

en

  1. in (used to indicate space)
    J'habite en Angleterre. ― I live in England.
  2. by (used to indicate means)
    aller en bus ― go by bus
    partir en voiture ― leave by car
  3. as
    Il me traite en ami. ― He treats me as a friend.
    habillé en père Noël ― dressed as Father Christmas
  4. at (used to describe an ability)
    fort en histoire ― good at history
  5. of, made of (used to describe composition)
    une chaise en hêtre ― a chair made of beech/a beech chair
    une fourchette en métal ― a fork made of metal/a metal fork
  6. in (during the following time (used for months and years))
    en 1993 ― in 1993
    en janvier ― in January
    en septembre 2001 ― in September 2001
  7. (followed by a gerund) while
  8. (followed by a gerund) by, in (describing a way of getting something)
    C'est en trichant qu'il est devenu champion. ― It was by cheating that he became champion.
  9. in (used to describe color)
    une photo en noir et blanc ― a photo in black and white
  10. in (used to describe feelings)
    en détresse ― in distress
    en bonne humeur ― in a good mood
  11. in (as part of something)
    en équipe ― on a team
Usage notesEdit

En in the sense of while is often not translated into English.

Further readingEdit

Etymology 2Edit

From Latin inde (“thence”). Compare Catalan en, Italian ne

PronounEdit

en

  1. Used as the object of a verb to indicate an indefinite quantity; of it, of them. Replaces the partitive article (du, de la, etc.)
    Tu as combien de livres ? J'en ai trois.
    How many books do you have? I have three (of them).
    Y a-t-il beaucoup de pièces ? Oui. Il y en a beaucoup.
    Are there many rooms? Yes, there are many (of them).
    Martin a trois sandwichs, mais j'en ai seulement deux.
    Martin has three sandwiches, but I have only two (of them).
    Il y en a combien ?
    How many of them are there?
    Je bois de l'alcool parce que j'en ai besoin
    I drink alcohol because I need (of) it.
  2. Adverbial preposition indicating movement away from a place already mentioned.
    Est-ce qu'elle vient de Barcelone ? Oui, elle en vient.
    Does she come from Barcelona? Yes, she does.
Related termsEdit
French personal pronouns
Number Person Gender Nominative
(subject) 		Reflexive Accusative
(direct complement) 		Dative
(indirect complement) 		Locative
(at) 		Genitive
(of) 		Disjunctive
(tonic)
Singular First — je, j’ me, m’ — — moi
Second — tu te, t’ — — toi
Third Masculine il se, s’ le, l’ lui y en lui, soi
Feminine elle la, l’ elle, soi
— on — — — — soi
Plural First — nous nous — — nous
Second — vous vous — — vous
Third Masculine ils se, s’ les leur y en eux, soi
Feminine elles elles, soi

AnagramsEdit

GalicianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Portuguese en, from Latin in, from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

PrepositionEdit

en

  1. in

Usage notesEdit

The preposition en contracts to n- before articles, before third-person tonic pronouns, and before the determiners algún and outro.

Derived termsEdit

German Low GermanEdit

Alternative formsEdit

  • 'n, -'n
  • (in other dialects, including Low Prussian) een
  • (in some dialects) ein

EtymologyEdit

From Old Saxon ēn, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz, from Proto-Indo-European *óynos. Compare Dutch een, German ein, West Frisian ien, English one.

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ˈɛɪ̯n/, /ˈeːn/, /ˈæɪ̯n/, /ˈeːɪ̯n/

ArticleEdit

en m or n (indefinite article)

  1. (in some dialects) a, an

NumeralEdit

en

  1. (in some dialects, including Low Prussian) one (1)

See alsoEdit

  • Dutch Low Saxon: een
  • Plautdietsch een, (cardinal number) eent

Haitian CreoleEdit

EtymologyEdit

From French un (“one”), from Latin ūnus (“one”).

NumeralEdit

en

  1. one

SynonymsEdit

See alsoEdit

HunsrikEdit

PronunciationEdit

DeterminerEdit

en (indefinite)

  1. a, an
    Sie sitze aan em runde Disch.
    They are sitting at a round table.

PronounEdit

en

  1. unstressed accusative of er: him.

InflectionEdit

Hunsrik personal pronouns
nominative accusative dative
Proclitic Enclitic str. unstr. str. unstr.
1st person singular ich -ich mich meer mer
2nd person singular
(informal) 		du -du, -de dich deer der
3rd person singular (m) er, där -er ihn en ihm em
3rd person singular (f) sie, die -se sie / ihns se eer re
3rd person singular (n) es, das 's es ihm em
1st person plural meer mer uns uns
2nd person plural deer der eich eich
3rd person plural sie, die -se sie se denne

DeclensionEdit

Hunsrik indefinite articles
Masculine Feminine Neutral
nom./acc. en en en
dative em ener em

Further readingEdit

IcelandicEdit

AdverbEdit

en

  1. how
    Nei, Elín? En gaman að sjá þig! ― Elín? How good to see you!

ConjunctionEdit

en

  1. but
    Bjóðum Önnu en ekki Björk. ― Let's invite Anna but not Björk.
    Ég ætla að fá brauð en ekki mjólk. ― I'll have bread but not milk.
  2. than (with an adjective in the comparative)
    Ég er betri en bróðir minn. ― I'm better than my brother.

Usage notesEdit

  • Sometimes Icelandic uses en where English would use and:
    Jón var sonur hans, en Ása dóttir.
    John was his son, and Ása his daughter.
    "Veðrið var ekki gott framan af: rigning á fjallinu, en þoka í byggð."
    Rannsókn embættis sérstaks saksóknara á meintum innherjasvikum Baldurs Guðlaugssonar stóð yfir í rúmlega ár, en FME kærði málið með bréfi til embættisins hinn 9. júlí á síðasta ári.[1]
  • In the sentence
    Hún er skemmtilegri en ég.
    She is more fun than I am.
the word en (“than”) may be omitted, and the subject (which is ég (“I”) in this example) may be used in the dative case.
Hún er skemmtilegri mér.
Now the sentence has the same meaning, only much more formal. In order to make the sentence more casual- one can reposition the subject (in the dative).
Hún er mér skemmtilegri.

Derived termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ “Archived copy”, in (Please provide the title of the work)‎[1], accessed 25 April 2019, archived from the original on 19 September 2016

IdoEdit

EtymologyEdit

From French en, Spanish en, from Latin in, inde from Proto-Indo-European *én (“in”).

PronunciationEdit

PrepositionEdit

en

  1. in

JapaneseEdit

RomanizationEdit

en

  1. Rōmaji transcription of えん

Jersey DutchEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Middle Dutch een, from Old Dutch ēn, ein, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz, from Proto-Indo-European *óynos.

ArticleEdit

en

  1. the

Etymology 2Edit

Cognate to Dutch en (“and”). Compare English and.

ConjunctionEdit

en

  1. and
    • 1912, Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsche taal— en letterkunde, volumes 31-32, page 309:
      Hai waz nît tevrêde täus en […]
      He was not content at home and […]

KabuverdianuEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Portuguese em.

PrepositionEdit

en

  1. in

KottEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Yeniseian *ʔäń (˜x-) ("wave").

NounEdit

en (plural ēnaŋ)

  1. wave

NounEdit

en

  1. plural of ei

KriolEdit

EtymologyEdit

From English and.

ConjunctionEdit

en

  1. and

LatinEdit

Etymology 1Edit

PronunciationEdit

InterjectionEdit

ēn

  1. lookǃ beholdǃ (presenting something in a lively or indignant manner)
  2. reallyǃ? (surprise or anger in questions)
  3. c'monǃ (exhortation to action in imperatives)

Etymology 2Edit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

en (indeclinable)

  1. The name of the letter N.
Usage notesEdit
  • Multiple Latin names for the letter N, n have been suggested. The most common is en or a syllabic n, although there is some evidence which also supports, as names for the letter, nē, ən, nə, and even (in the fourth- or fifth-century first Antinoë papyrus, which gives Greek transliterations of the Latin names of the Roman alphabet’s letters) ιννε (inne).
Coordinate termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

LatvianEdit

PronunciationEdit

(file)

NounEdit

en m (invariable)

  1. The Latvian name of the Latin script letter N/n.

See alsoEdit

LeoneseEdit

EtymologyEdit

  This entry lacks etymological information. If you are familiar with the origin of this term, please add it to the page per etymology instructions, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.

PrepositionEdit

en

  1. in

Usage notesEdit

When followed by an article, en is combined with the next word to give the following combined forms:

Contractions of en
en + article Combined form
en + el nel
en + la na
en + lu nu
en + los nos
en + las nas
en + article Combined form
en + un nun
en + una nuna
en + unos nunos
en + unas nunas
en + pronoun Combined form
en + el nél
en + eilla neilla
en + eillu neillu
en + eillos neillos
en + eillas neillas
en + dem. adjective Combined form en + dem. pronoun Combined form
en + esti nesti en + ésti nésti
en + esta nesta en + ésta nésta
en + estu nestu en + éstu néstu
en + estos nestos en + éstos néstos
en + estas nestas en + éstas néstas
en + dem. adjective Combined form en + dem. pronoun Combined form
en + esi nesi en + ési nési
en + esa nesa en + ésa nésa
en + esu nesu en + ésu nésu
en + esos nesos en + ésos nésos
en + esas nesas en + ésas nésas
en + dem. adjective Combined form en + dem. pronoun Combined form
en + aquel naquel en + aquél naquél
en + aqueilla naqueilla en + aquéilla naquéilla
en + aqueillu naqueillu en + aquéillu naquéillu
en + aqueillos naqueillos en + aquéillos naquéillos
en + aqueillas naqueillas en + aquéillas naquéillas

ReferencesEdit

Lule SamiEdit

LuxembourgishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old High German ein, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz.

PronunciationEdit

ArticleEdit

en m or n

  1. Indefinite article; a, an
    Ech droen en Hutt wann et reent. ― I wear a hat when it rains.
    Hues du e bloe Stëft? ― Do you have a blue pen?

DeclensionEdit

Luxembourgish indefinite articles
masculine feminine neuter
nom./acc. en eng en
dative engem enger engem

PronounEdit

en

  1. unstressed form of hien
    Hues de n e gefrot? ― Have you asked him?
  2. unstressed form of hinnen
    Ech hunn et e gesot. ― I told it them

DeclensionEdit

Luxembourgish personal pronouns
nominative accusative dative reflexive
str. unstr. str. unstr. str. unstr.
1st person singular ech — mech — mir mer like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular
(informal) 		du de dech — dir der like dat. and acc.
2nd person singular
(formal) 		Dir Der Iech Iech [əɕ] Iech Iech [əɕ] Iech
3rd person singular (m) hien en hien en him em sech
3rd person singular (f) si se si se hir er sech
3rd person singular (n) hatt et ('t) hatt et ('t) him em sech
1st person plural mir mer eis (ons) — eis (ons) — eis (ons)
2nd person plural dir der iech iech [əɕ] iech iech [əɕ] iech
3rd person plural si se si se hinnen en sech

Usage notesEdit

  • Due to the Eifel Rule, the final -n is lost when the following word begins with a consonant other than <d>, <h>, <n>, <t> or <z>.

MandarinEdit

RomanizationEdit

en

  1. Nonstandard spelling of ēn.
  2. Nonstandard spelling of én.
  3. Nonstandard spelling of ěn.
  4. Nonstandard spelling of èn.

Usage notesEdit

  • English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

Middle DutchEdit

PronunciationEdit

ConjunctionEdit

en

  1. Alternative form of ende

Middle EnglishEdit

PrepositionEdit

en

  1. Alternative form of in (“in”)

Middle FrenchEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old French [Term?], from Latin in.

PrepositionEdit

en

  1. on; on to

DescendantsEdit

  • French: en

Middle Low GermanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Germanic *ne (“not”).

PronunciationEdit

Unknown, possibly IPA(key): /ɛn/ or IPA(key): /ən/.

ParticleEdit

en m

  1. not; negates a verb, usage is facultative if it leads to a double negative
    Idt en sal nümant syn Erve vryg verkopenn dar ander lüde wat anne hebbet. he en segget den kop to varenn.
    Nobody shall [not] sell his inheritance, to which other people have rights attached, freely, unless he tell this to the buyer beforehand...
  2. unless
    Idt en sal nümant syn Erve vryg verkopenn dar ander lüde wat anne hebbet. he en segget den kop to varenn.
    Nobody shall sell his inheritance, to which other people have rights attached, freely, unless he tell this to the buyer beforehand...

Alternative formsEdit

  • ne (older, Eastphalian)

MovimaEdit

Norwegian BokmålEdit

Norwegian Bokmål cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : en
    Ordinal : første

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse einn, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz (“one, some”), from Proto-Indo-European *óynos (“one”).

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ˈeːn/ - (stressed)
  • IPA(key): /ən/ - (unstressed)

ArticleEdit

en m (feminine ei, neuter et)

  1. a, an (indefinite article)

NumeralEdit

en m (feminine ei, neuter ett, stressed form én)

  1. one

Derived termsEdit

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

Old FrenchEdit

Alternative formsEdit

  • in (10th century)

EtymologyEdit

From Latin in.

PronunciationEdit

PrepositionEdit

en

  1. in; inside
    • 1377, Bernard de Gordon, Fleur de lis de medecine (a.k.a. lilium medicine):
      Et pour ce qu’il se complaint moult de froit et horipilacion, pour ce au commencement on luy doit mettre les piés et les mains en eaue chaulde
      And if he complains about cold and shivers, to start with one must put his feet and is hands in hot water
  2. on; upon
    • 12th Century, Unknown, Raoul de Cambrai:
      qi en la crois fu mis
      [He] who was put on the cross
  3. in (experiencing an emotion, a feeling, etc.)
    en paine ― in pain
  4. in (indicates a language)
    en latin ― in Latin

DescendantsEdit

  • Middle French: en
    • French: en
  • Norman: en

Old FrisianEdit

Old Frisian cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : en

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Germanic *ainaz.

NumeralEdit

en m

  1. one
    ēn skilling ― one shilling

InflectionEdit

Masculine SG Feminine SG Neuter SG
nominative ēn ēn ēn
accusative ēnne ēne ēn
genitive ēnes ēnere ēnes
dative ēna ēnere ēna

DescendantsEdit

Old LatinEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

PrepositionEdit

en

  1. in

Related termsEdit

DescendantsEdit

Old NorseEdit

ConjunctionEdit

en

  1. but
  2. (as a copulative): and
  3. than

SynonymsEdit

  • (and): ok
  • (than): an

ReferencesEdit

  • en in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Old OccitanEdit

PronounEdit

en

  1. of it; of them
    • 12th century, Bernard de Ventadour, Can vei la lauzeta mover
      Ailas! Tan cuidava saber
      D'amor, e tan petit en sai,
      Alas! I thought I knew so much
      about love, and I know so little [of it]!

Old PortugueseEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin in (“in”), from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

PronunciationEdit

PrepositionEdit

en

  1. in
    • 13th century, attributed to Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, E codex, cantiga 294 (facsimile):
      Como hũa moller q̇ iogaua os dados en pulla lançou hũa pedra aa omagen de ſ[ant]a mari[a] por q̇ perdera ⁊ parou un angeo de pedra que y eſtava a mão ⁊ reçibiu o colpe.
      How a woman who was playing dice in Apulia threw a stone at the statue of Holy Mary because she had lost, and an angel of stone which was there reached out its hand and received the blow.

DescendantsEdit

  • Fala: en
  • Galician: en
  • Portuguese: em

Old SaxonEdit

Old Saxon cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : ēn

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Germanic *ainaz.

PronunciationEdit

NumeralEdit

en m

  1. one
    • thoh uui hēr te meti habdin garu im te geƀanne sō uui mahtin fargelden mēst tueho uuāri is noh than that iro ēnig thar ēnes gināmi
      Though we had food that we should buy to give him. The most doubt is still there that anyone once felt
      (Heliand, verse 2637)

ArticleEdit

en m

  1. a, an (rarely used)

DeclensionEdit

Declension of ēn
Masculine Neuter Feminine
nominative ēn ēn ēn
accusative ēnana ēn ēna
genitive ēnes ēnes ēnaro
dative ēnumu ēnumu ēnaro


DescendantsEdit

  • Middle Low German: ên, ein
    • Low German:
      • German Low German: een (Hamburger)
      • Westphalian:
        Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: åine
        Sauerländisch: ên
        Westmünsterländisch: een, eene, ne
    • Plautdietsch: een

Old SwedishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse einn, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz, from Proto-Indo-European *óynos.

NumeralEdit

ēn m or f

  1. one

Pennsylvania GermanEdit

EtymologyEdit

Compare German ein.

ArticleEdit

en (indefinite)

  1. a, an

InflectionEdit

masculine feminine neuter
nominative
and
accusative 		en en en
dative me re me

SloveneEdit

Slovene numbers
< 0 1 2 >

EtymologyEdit

Contraction of earlier êden, from Proto-Slavic *(j)edinъ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *óynos (“one, single”).

PronunciationEdit

NumeralEdit

èn

  1. one

Usage notesEdit

The form êden is used when the word does not modify a noun directly, but stands in predicate position. When counting or reciting numbers, the feminine form êna is normally used.

DeclensionEdit

Declension of en (hard)
singular
masculine feminine neuter
nominative èn, êden êna êno
accusative nominativeinan or genitiveanim êno êno
genitive ênega êne ênega
dative ênemu êni ênemu
locative ênem êni ênem
instrumental ênim êno ênim
dual
masculine feminine neuter
nominative — — —
accusative — — —
genitive — — —
dative — — —
locative — — —
instrumental — — —
plural
masculine feminine neuter
nominative êni êne êna
accusative êne êne êna
genitive ênih ênih ênih
dative ênim ênim ênim
locative ênih ênih ênih
instrumental ênimi ênimi ênimi

Derived termsEdit

SpanishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Spanish en, from Latin in, from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

PronunciationEdit

PrepositionEdit

en

  1. in, at, on
    Estoy en casa.
    I'm at home.
    Estoy sentado en la computadora.
    I'm sitting at the computer.
    en esta página
    on this page
    en la caja en la mesa
    in the box on the table
  2. in (a time)
    en la antigüedad
    in antiquity
    en 1999
    in 1999
  3. in (a language)
    No conozco esta palabra en francés.
    I don't know this word in French.
    en todos los idiomas
    in all languages
  4. used after some verbs and translated by various prepositions in English
    Pienso en tí.
    I'm thinking of you.
  5. in (in various expressions)
    en el sentido
    in the sense
    en nuestro afán
    in our eagerness

Sranan TongoEdit

EtymologyEdit

From older hem, from English him.

Alternative formsEdit

PronounEdit

en

  1. Third-person singular possessive determiner/pronoun; his, her, its

PronounEdit

en

  1. Third-person singular object pronoun; him, her, it
  2. Contrastive variant of a; he, she, it.

SwedishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Old Swedish ēn, æn, from Old Norse einn, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz (“one, some”), from Proto-Indo-European *óynos (“one”).

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

en (genitive ens)

  1. one; object form of man (=one)
    Det man inte vet skadar en inte
    What one doesn’t know doesn’t hurt one.
  2. one (see usage notes)
Usage notesEdit

En has in recent years been used as a more gender-conscious alternative to the impersonal pronoun man. The development is in some ways parallel to the gender-neutral pronoun hen. Usage is common among certain speaker groups, but not universally acknowledged in the standard language.[2] Previously it has also been used in some dialects.

DeclensionEdit
Swedish personal pronouns
subject object possessive
singular full full common neuter plural
1st person jag mig, mej3 min mitt mina
2nd person du dig, dej2 din ditt dina
3rd person masculine han honom, han2 hans
3rd person feminine hon henne hennes
3rd person gender-neutral hen1 hen1, henom1 hens1
3rd person common den den dess
3rd person neuter det det dess
3rd person indefinite man or en6 en ens
3rd person reflexive — sig, sej3 sin sitt sina
plural
1st person vi oss vår, våran2 vårt, vårat2 våra
2nd person ni er, eder5 er, eran2, eder5 ert, erat2, edert5 era, edra5
3rd person de, dom4 dem, dom4 deras
3rd person reflexive — sig, sej3 sin sitt sina
1Not universally accepted.
2Informal
3Colloquial pronunciation spelling sometimes found in colloquial texts.
4Informal pronunciation spelling found very often in informal writings.
5Dated
6Dialectal, also used lately as a gender-neutral alternative to man.

Pronunciation 2Edit

NumeralEdit

Swedish cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : en
    Ordinal : första

en (neuter ett)

  1. one
Related termsEdit

ArticleEdit

en c (neuter ett)

  1. the indefinite article: a, an.
DeclensionEdit
  • en and ett are invariable in the singular, as nominative en konung (a king) and genitive en konungs (a king's).
  • The genitive enes and the dative enom are dated.

Etymology 2Edit

From earlier ene (sometimes also ener), from Old Norse einir.

Pronunciation 3Edit

NounEdit

en c

  1. juniper
DeclensionEdit
Declension of en 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative en enen enar enarna
Genitive ens enens enars enarnas
Related termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

TurkishEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Old Turkic en‎ (en), from Proto-Turkic *ēn (“breadth, width”).

NounEdit

en (definite accusative eni, plural enler)

  1. width
  2. a cachet on an animal or bonded goods
DeclensionEdit
Inflection
Nominative en
Definite accusative eni
Singular Plural
Nominative en enler
Definite accusative eni enleri
Dative ene enlere
Locative ende enlerde
Ablative enden enlerden
Genitive enin enlerin
Possessive forms
Singular Plural
1st singular enim enlerim
2nd singular enin enlerin
3rd singular eni enleri
1st plural enimiz enlerimiz
2nd plural eniniz enleriniz
3rd plural enleri enleri

Etymology 2Edit

From Old Turkic 𐰭‎ (eŋ), from Proto-Turkic [Term?].

AdverbEdit

en

  1. Forms the superlative of the following adjective.
    büyük, en büyük
    big, (the) biggest

VepsEdit

West FrisianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Frisian and, ende, from Proto-Germanic *andi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂entí.

PronunciationEdit

ConjunctionEdit

en

  1. and

Further readingEdit

  • “en”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
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