escarae

Old Irish

Etymology

From ess- (“non-”) +‎ carae (“friend”), literally "non-friend".

Noun

escarae m

1. enemy

   Synonym: námae

   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 30^b27

     .i. cense fri cách, eter carit et escarit

     i.e. gentleness to everyone, both friend and foe

Inflection

Masculine nt-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	escarae	escaraitL	escarait
Vocative	escarae	escaraitL	escairtea
Accusative	escaraitN	escaraitL	escairtea
Genitive	escarat	escaratL	escaratN
Dative	escaraitL	escairtib	escairtib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Middle Irish: escara
  • Irish: eascara
  • Scottish Gaelic: eascaraid

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
escarae (pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)	unchanged	n-escarae
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “escarae”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language