esperonner

Middle French

Etymology

Old French esperoner.

Verb

esperonner

1. to spur (a horse, etc.)

Conjugation

• Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

Conjugation of esperonner

infinitive	simple	esperonner
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2	simple	esperonnant
	compound	present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle		esperonné
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ie (i’)	tu	il, elle	nous	vous	ilz, elles
(simple tenses)	present	esperonne	esperonnes	esperonne	esperonnons	esperonnez	esperonnent
	imperfect	esperonnois, esperonnoys	esperonnois, esperonnoys	esperonnoit, esperonnoyt	esperonnions, esperonnyons	esperonniez, esperonnyez	esperonnoient, esperonnoyent
	past historic	esperonna	esperonnas	esperonna	esperonnasmes	esperonnastes	esperonnerent
	future	esperonnerai, esperonneray	esperonneras	esperonnera	esperonnerons	esperonnerez	esperonneront
	conditional	esperonnerois, esperonneroys	esperonnerois, esperonneroys	esperonneroit, esperonneroyt	esperonnerions, esperonneryons	esperonneriez, esperonneryez	esperonneroient, esperonneroyent
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que ie (i’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	esperonne	esperonnes	esperonne	esperonnons	esperonnez	esperonnent
	imperfect	esperonnasse	esperonnasses	esperonnast	esperonnassions	esperonnassiez	esperonnassent
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	esperonne	—	esperonnons	esperonnez	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

Descendants

• French: éperonner