estrangler

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French estrangler, from Classical Latin strangulō, strangulāre.

Verb

estrangler

1. to strangle (to squeeze the throat of someone)

Conjugation

• Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

Conjugation of estrangler

infinitive	simple	estrangler
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2	simple	estranglant
	compound	present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle		estranglé
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ie (i’)	tu	il, elle	nous	vous	ilz, elles
(simple tenses)	present	estrangle	estrangles	estrangle	estranglons	estranglez	estranglent
	imperfect	estranglois, estrangloys	estranglois, estrangloys	estrangloit, estrangloyt	estranglions, estranglyons	estrangliez, estranglyez	estrangloient, estrangloyent
	past historic	estrangla	estranglas	estrangla	estranglasmes	estranglastes	estranglerent
	future	estranglerai, estrangleray	estrangleras	estranglera	estranglerons	estranglerez	estrangleront
	conditional	estranglerois, estrangleroys	estranglerois, estrangleroys	estrangleroit, estrangleroyt	estranglerions, estrangleryons	estrangleriez, estrangleryez	estrangleroient, estrangleroyent
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que ie (i’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	estrangle	estrangles	estrangle	estranglons	estranglez	estranglent
	imperfect	estranglasse	estranglasses	estranglast	estranglassions	estranglassiez	estranglassent
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	estrangle	—	estranglons	estranglez	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

Old French

Etymology

From Latin strangulō, strangulāre, from Ancient Greek στραγγαλόομαι (strangalóomai, “to strangle”), from στραγγάλη (strangálē, “a halter”).

Verb

estrangler

1. to strangle (to squeeze the throat of someone)

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. In the present tense an extra supporting e is needed in the first-person singular indicative and throughout the singular subjunctive, and the third-person singular subjunctive ending -t is lost. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of estrangler (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		estrangler			avoir estranglé
gerund		en estranglant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		estranglant
past participle		estranglé
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	estrangle	estrangles	estrangle	estranglons	estranglez	estranglent
	imperfect	estrangloie, estrangleie, estrangloe, estrangleve	estrangloies, estrangleies, estrangloes, estrangleves	estrangloit, estrangleit, estranglot, estrangleve	estrangliiens, estrangliens	estrangliiez, estrangliez	estrangloient, estrangleient, estrangloent, estranglevent
	preterite	estranglai	estranglas	estrangla	estranglames	estranglastes	estranglerent
	future	estranglerai	estrangleras	estranglera	estranglerons	estrangleroiz, estranglereiz, estranglerez	estrangleront
	conditional	estrangleroie, estranglereie	estrangleroies, estranglereies	estrangleroit, estranglereit	estrangleriiens, estrangleriens	estrangleriiez, estrangleriez	estrangleroient, estranglereient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	estrangle	estrangles	estrangle	estranglons	estranglez	estranglent
	imperfect	estranglasse	estranglasses	estranglast	estranglissons, estranglissiens	estranglissoiz, estranglissez, estranglissiez	estranglassent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	estrangle	—	estranglons	estranglez	—

Descendants

• French: étrangler
• Norman: êtranglyi
• → Middle English: stranglen, estranglen, strangelyn, strangle, strangli, strangulen, strongle
  • English: strangle (estrangle)

References

• Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX^e au XV^e siècle (1881) (estrangler, supplement)