frém

See also: frem

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *wridmā (compare Welsh greddf), from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥h₂d-. Cognate with synonymous frén, from the same root with a different suffix.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fʲrʲeːṽ/

Noun

frém f (genitive fréime, nominative plural fréma)

1. root

Inflection

Feminine ā-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	frémL	fréimL	frémaH
Vocative	frémL	fréimL	frémaH
Accusative	fréimN	fréimL	frémaH
Genitive	fréimeH	frémL	frémN
Dative	fréimL	frémaib	frémaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Middle Irish: frém, prém
  • Irish: fréamh, préamh
  • Manx: fraue
  • Scottish Gaelic: freumh

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
frém	ḟrém	frém pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “frém”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language