garwhau
Welsh
editEtymology
editPronunciation
edit- Rhymes: -aɨ̯
Pronunciation
edit- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ɡarwˈhaɨ̯/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ɡarwˈhai̯/
- Rhymes: -aɨ̯
Verb
editgarwhau (first-person singular present garwhaf)
- to roughen (make or become rougher)
Conjugation
editConjugation (literary)
singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
present indicative/future | garwhaf | garwhei | garwha | garwhawn | garwhewch | garwhânt | garwheir | |
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional | garwhawn | garwhait | garwhâi | garwhaem | garwhaech | garwhaent | garwheid | |
preterite | garwheais | garwheaist | garwhaodd | garwhasom | garwhasoch | garwhasant | garwhawyd | |
pluperfect | garwhaswn | garwhasit | garwhasai | garwhasem | garwhasech | garwhasent | garwhasid, garwhesid | |
present subjunctive | garwhawyf | garwheych | garwhao | garwhaom | garwhaoch | garwhaont | garwhaer | |
imperative | — | garwha | garwhaed | garwhawn | garwhewch | garwhaent | garwhaer | |
verbal noun | garwhau | |||||||
verbal adjectives | garwhedig garwhadwy |
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
future | garwha i, garwhaf i | garwhi di | garwhith o/e/hi, garwhiff e/hi | garwhwn ni | garwhwch chi | garwhan nhw |
conditional | garwhwn i, garwhswn i | garwhet ti, garwhset ti | garwhai fo/fe/hi, garwhsai fo/fe/hi | garwhen ni, garwhsen ni | garwhech chi, garwhsech chi | garwhen nhw, garwhsen nhw |
preterite | garwhais i, garwhes i | garwhaist ti, garwhest ti | garwhodd o/e/hi | garwhon ni | garwhoch chi | garwhon nhw |
imperative | — | garwha | — | — | garwhwch | — |
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. |
Mutation
editWelsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
garwhau | arwhau | ngarwhau | unchanged |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
edit- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “garwhau”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies