radical
EnglishEdit
EtymologyEdit
Inherited from Middle English radical, from Latin rādīcālis (“of or pertaining to the root, having roots, radical”).
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
radical (comparative more radical, superlative most radical)
- Favoring fundamental change, or change at the root cause of a matter.
- His beliefs are radical.
- (botany, not comparable) Pertaining to a root (of a plant).
- Pertaining to the basic or intrinsic nature of something.
- 1790 November, Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, and on the Proceedings in Certain Societies in London Relative to that Event. […], London: […] J[ames] Dodsley, […], →OCLC:
- The most determined exertions of that authority, against them, only showed their radical independence.
- Synonym: fundamental
- Antonyms: ignorable, trivial
- Thoroughgoing; far-reaching.
- 2012 January 1, Donald Worster, “A Drier and Hotter Future”, in American Scientist[1], volume 100, number 1, archived from the original on 26 January 2012, page 70:
- Phoenix and Lubbock are both caught in severe drought, and it is going to get much worse. We may see many such [dust] storms in the decades ahead, along with species extinctions, radical disturbance of ecosystems, and intensified social conflict over land and water. Welcome to the Anthropocene, the epoch when humans have become a major geological and climatic force.
- The spread of the cancer required radical surgery, and the entire organ was removed.
- (lexicography, not comparable) Of or pertaining to the root of a word.
- (phonology, phonetics, not comparable, of a sound) Produced using the root of the tongue.
- (chemistry, not comparable) Involving free radicals.
- (mathematics) Relating to a radix or mathematical root.
- a radical quantity; a radical sign
- (slang, 1980s & 1990s) Excellent; awesome.
- That was a radical jump!
SynonymsEdit
- (linguistics, in reference to words): primitive
AntonymsEdit
- (linguistics, in reference to words): derivative, derived
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
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NounEdit
radical (plural radicals)
- (historical, 19th-century Britain) A member of the most progressive wing of the Liberal Party; someone favouring social reform (but generally stopping short of socialism).
- (historical, early 20th-century France) A member of an influential, centrist political party favouring moderate social reform, a republican constitution, and secular politics.
- A person with radical opinions.
- (arithmetic) A root (of a number or quantity).
- (linguistics) In logographic writing systems such as the Chinese writing system, the portion of a character (if any) that provides an indication of its meaning, as opposed to phonetic.
- (linguistics) In Celtic languages, refers to the basic, underlying form of an initial consonant which can be further mutated under the Celtic initial consonant mutations.
- (linguistics) In Semitic languages, any one of the set of consonants (typically three) that make up a root.
- (chemistry) A group of atoms, joined by covalent bonds, that take part in reactions as a single unit.
- (organic chemistry) A free radical.
- (algebra, commutative algebra, ring theory, of an ideal) Given an ideal I in a commutative ring R, another ideal, denoted Rad(I) or , such that an element x ∈ R is in Rad(I) if, for some positive integer n, xn ∈ I; equivalently, the intersection of all prime ideals containing I.
- (algebra, ring theory, of a ring) Given a ring R, an ideal containing elements of R that share a property considered, in some sense, "not good".
- (algebra, ring theory, of a module) The intersection of maximal submodules of a given module.
- (number theory) The product of the distinct prime factors of a given positive integer.
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
ReferencesEdit
- radical in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913
- radical in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911
- "radical" in Raymond Williams, Keywords (revised), 1983, Fontana Press, page 251.
Further readingEdit
- Radical on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- Radical of an ideal on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- Radical of a ring on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- Radical of a module on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- Radical of an integer on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- Radical of an ideal on Encyclopedia of Mathematics
- Ideal Radical on Wolfram MathWorld
AnagramsEdit
CatalanEdit
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
radical (masculine and feminine plural radicals)
Derived termsEdit
NounEdit
radical m or f (plural radicals)
Further readingEdit
- “radical” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “radical”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
- “radical” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “radical” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
Learned borrowing from Late Latin rādīcālis.
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
radical (feminine radicale, masculine plural radicaux, feminine plural radicales)
- radical
- L'idéologie islamiste radicale de Boko Haram a provoqué le déplacement de plus de deux millions de personnes dans le nord du Nigeria.
- The radical Islamist ideology of Boko Haram caused more than two million persons to be displaced in northern Nigeria.
NounEdit
radical m (plural radicaux)
Further readingEdit
- “radical”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
GalicianEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
radical m (plural radicais)
- radical (in various senses)
Derived termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “radical” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.
PortugueseEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
radical m (plural radicais)
- (linguistic morphology) root (primary lexical unit of a word)
- Synonym: raiz
NounEdit
radical m or f by sense (plural radicais)
- radical (person holding unorthodox views)
- Synonym: extremista
AdjectiveEdit
radical m or f (plural radicais)
- radical (favouring fundamental change)
- drastic; extreme
- (Brazil, slang) excellent; awesome; thrilling
- (sports) extreme (dangerous)
Derived termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “radical” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.
RomanianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From French radical or German Radikal.
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
radical m or n (feminine singular radicală, masculine plural radicali, feminine and neuter plural radicale)
DeclensionEdit
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | neuter | feminine | masculine | neuter | feminine | ||
nominative/ accusative |
indefinite | radical | radicală | radicali | radicale | ||
definite | radicalul | radicala | radicalii | radicalele | |||
genitive/ dative |
indefinite | radical | radicale | radicali | radicale | ||
definite | radicalului | radicalei | radicalilor | radicalelor |
Related termsEdit
SpanishEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Latin rādīcālis.
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
radical (plural radicales)
Derived termsEdit
NounEdit
radical m (plural radicales)
Derived termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “radical”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014