Tone unknown
|
Infinitive
|
ukugqamisa
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukugqamisa
|
ukungagqamisi
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
gqamisa
|
-gqamise
|
Plural
|
gqamisani
|
-gqamiseni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyagqamisa, ngigqamisa
|
engigqamisayo, engigqamisa
|
ngigqamisa
|
angigqamisi
|
engingagqamisi
|
ngingagqamisi
|
2nd singular
|
uyagqamisa, ugqamisa
|
ogqamisayo, ogqamisa
|
ugqamisa
|
awugqamisi
|
ongagqamisi
|
ungagqamisi
|
1st plural
|
siyagqamisa, sigqamisa
|
esigqamisayo, esigqamisa
|
sigqamisa
|
asigqamisi
|
esingagqamisi
|
singagqamisi
|
2nd plural
|
niyagqamisa, nigqamisa
|
enigqamisayo, enigqamisa
|
nigqamisa
|
anigqamisi
|
eningagqamisi
|
ningagqamisi
|
Class 1
|
uyagqamisa, ugqamisa
|
ogqamisayo, ogqamisa
|
egqamisa
|
akagqamisi
|
ongagqamisi
|
engagqamisi
|
Class 2
|
bayagqamisa, bagqamisa
|
abagqamisayo, abagqamisa
|
begqamisa
|
abagqamisi
|
abangagqamisi
|
bengagqamisi
|
Class 3
|
uyagqamisa, ugqamisa
|
ogqamisayo, ogqamisa
|
ugqamisa
|
awugqamisi
|
ongagqamisi
|
ungagqamisi
|
Class 4
|
iyagqamisa, igqamisa
|
egqamisayo, egqamisa
|
igqamisa
|
ayigqamisi
|
engagqamisi
|
ingagqamisi
|
Class 5
|
liyagqamisa, ligqamisa
|
eligqamisayo, eligqamisa
|
ligqamisa
|
aligqamisi
|
elingagqamisi
|
lingagqamisi
|
Class 6
|
ayagqamisa, agqamisa
|
agqamisayo, agqamisa
|
egqamisa
|
awagqamisi
|
angagqamisi
|
engagqamisi
|
Class 7
|
siyagqamisa, sigqamisa
|
esigqamisayo, esigqamisa
|
sigqamisa
|
asigqamisi
|
esingagqamisi
|
singagqamisi
|
Class 8
|
ziyagqamisa, zigqamisa
|
ezigqamisayo, ezigqamisa
|
zigqamisa
|
azigqamisi
|
ezingagqamisi
|
zingagqamisi
|
Class 9
|
iyagqamisa, igqamisa
|
egqamisayo, egqamisa
|
igqamisa
|
ayigqamisi
|
engagqamisi
|
ingagqamisi
|
Class 10
|
ziyagqamisa, zigqamisa
|
ezigqamisayo, ezigqamisa
|
zigqamisa
|
azigqamisi
|
ezingagqamisi
|
zingagqamisi
|
Class 11
|
luyagqamisa, lugqamisa
|
olugqamisayo, olugqamisa
|
lugqamisa
|
alugqamisi
|
olungagqamisi
|
lungagqamisi
|
Class 14
|
buyagqamisa, bugqamisa
|
obugqamisayo, obugqamisa
|
bugqamisa
|
abugqamisi
|
obungagqamisi
|
bungagqamisi
|
Class 15
|
kuyagqamisa, kugqamisa
|
okugqamisayo, okugqamisa
|
kugqamisa
|
akugqamisi
|
okungagqamisi
|
kungagqamisi
|
Class 17
|
kuyagqamisa, kugqamisa
|
okugqamisayo, okugqamisa
|
kugqamisa
|
akugqamisi
|
okungagqamisi
|
kungagqamisi
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngigqamisile, ngigqamisē
|
engigqamisile, engigqamisē
|
ngigqamisile, ngigqamisē
|
angigqamisanga
|
engingagqamisanga
|
ngingagqamisanga
|
2nd singular
|
ugqamisile, ugqamisē
|
ogqamisile, ogqamisē
|
ugqamisile, ugqamisē
|
awugqamisanga
|
ongagqamisanga
|
ungagqamisanga
|
1st plural
|
sigqamisile, sigqamisē
|
esigqamisile, esigqamisē
|
sigqamisile, sigqamisē
|
asigqamisanga
|
esingagqamisanga
|
singagqamisanga
|
2nd plural
|
nigqamisile, nigqamisē
|
enigqamisile, enigqamisē
|
nigqamisile, nigqamisē
|
anigqamisanga
|
eningagqamisanga
|
ningagqamisanga
|
Class 1
|
ugqamisile, ugqamisē
|
ogqamisile, ogqamisē
|
egqamisile, egqamisē
|
akagqamisanga
|
ongagqamisanga
|
engagqamisanga
|
Class 2
|
bagqamisile, bagqamisē
|
abagqamisile, abagqamisē
|
begqamisile, begqamisē
|
abagqamisanga
|
abangagqamisanga
|
bengagqamisanga
|
Class 3
|
ugqamisile, ugqamisē
|
ogqamisile, ogqamisē
|
ugqamisile, ugqamisē
|
awugqamisanga
|
ongagqamisanga
|
ungagqamisanga
|
Class 4
|
igqamisile, igqamisē
|
egqamisile, egqamisē
|
igqamisile, igqamisē
|
ayigqamisanga
|
engagqamisanga
|
ingagqamisanga
|
Class 5
|
ligqamisile, ligqamisē
|
eligqamisile, eligqamisē
|
ligqamisile, ligqamisē
|
aligqamisanga
|
elingagqamisanga
|
lingagqamisanga
|
Class 6
|
agqamisile, agqamisē
|
agqamisile, agqamisē
|
egqamisile, egqamisē
|
awagqamisanga
|
angagqamisanga
|
engagqamisanga
|
Class 7
|
sigqamisile, sigqamisē
|
esigqamisile, esigqamisē
|
sigqamisile, sigqamisē
|
asigqamisanga
|
esingagqamisanga
|
singagqamisanga
|
Class 8
|
zigqamisile, zigqamisē
|
ezigqamisile, ezigqamisē
|
zigqamisile, zigqamisē
|
azigqamisanga
|
ezingagqamisanga
|
zingagqamisanga
|
Class 9
|
igqamisile, igqamisē
|
egqamisile, egqamisē
|
igqamisile, igqamisē
|
ayigqamisanga
|
engagqamisanga
|
ingagqamisanga
|
Class 10
|
zigqamisile, zigqamisē
|
ezigqamisile, ezigqamisē
|
zigqamisile, zigqamisē
|
azigqamisanga
|
ezingagqamisanga
|
zingagqamisanga
|
Class 11
|
lugqamisile, lugqamisē
|
olugqamisile, olugqamisē
|
lugqamisile, lugqamisē
|
alugqamisanga
|
olungagqamisanga
|
lungagqamisanga
|
Class 14
|
bugqamisile, bugqamisē
|
obugqamisile, obugqamisē
|
bugqamisile, bugqamisē
|
abugqamisanga
|
obungagqamisanga
|
bungagqamisanga
|
Class 15
|
kugqamisile, kugqamisē
|
okugqamisile, okugqamisē
|
kugqamisile, kugqamisē
|
akugqamisanga
|
okungagqamisanga
|
kungagqamisanga
|
Class 17
|
kugqamisile, kugqamisē
|
okugqamisile, okugqamisē
|
kugqamisile, kugqamisē
|
akugqamisanga
|
okungagqamisanga
|
kungagqamisanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngāgqamisa
|
engāgqamisa
|
ngāgqamisa
|
angigqamisanga
|
engingagqamisanga
|
ngingagqamisanga
|
2nd singular
|
wāgqamisa
|
owāgqamisa
|
wāgqamisa
|
awugqamisanga
|
ongagqamisanga
|
ungagqamisanga
|
1st plural
|
sāgqamisa
|
esāgqamisa
|
sāgqamisa
|
asigqamisanga
|
esingagqamisanga
|
singagqamisanga
|
2nd plural
|
nāgqamisa
|
enāgqamisa
|
nāgqamisa
|
anigqamisanga
|
eningagqamisanga
|
ningagqamisanga
|
Class 1
|
wāgqamisa
|
owāgqamisa
|
āgqamisa
|
akagqamisanga
|
ongagqamisanga
|
engagqamisanga
|
Class 2
|
bāgqamisa
|
abāgqamisa
|
bāgqamisa
|
abagqamisanga
|
abangagqamisanga
|
bengagqamisanga
|
Class 3
|
wāgqamisa
|
owāgqamisa
|
wāgqamisa
|
awugqamisanga
|
ongagqamisanga
|
ungagqamisanga
|
Class 4
|
yāgqamisa
|
eyāgqamisa
|
yāgqamisa
|
ayigqamisanga
|
engagqamisanga
|
ingagqamisanga
|
Class 5
|
lāgqamisa
|
elāgqamisa
|
lāgqamisa
|
aligqamisanga
|
elingagqamisanga
|
lingagqamisanga
|
Class 6
|
āgqamisa
|
āgqamisa
|
āgqamisa
|
awagqamisanga
|
angagqamisanga
|
engagqamisanga
|
Class 7
|
sāgqamisa
|
esāgqamisa
|
sāgqamisa
|
asigqamisanga
|
esingagqamisanga
|
singagqamisanga
|
Class 8
|
zāgqamisa
|
ezāgqamisa
|
zāgqamisa
|
azigqamisanga
|
ezingagqamisanga
|
zingagqamisanga
|
Class 9
|
yāgqamisa
|
eyāgqamisa
|
yāgqamisa
|
ayigqamisanga
|
engagqamisanga
|
ingagqamisanga
|
Class 10
|
zāgqamisa
|
ezāgqamisa
|
zāgqamisa
|
azigqamisanga
|
ezingagqamisanga
|
zingagqamisanga
|
Class 11
|
lwāgqamisa
|
olwāgqamisa
|
lwāgqamisa
|
alugqamisanga
|
olungagqamisanga
|
lungagqamisanga
|
Class 14
|
bāgqamisa
|
obāgqamisa
|
bāgqamisa
|
abugqamisanga
|
obungagqamisanga
|
bungagqamisanga
|
Class 15
|
kwāgqamisa
|
okwāgqamisa
|
kwāgqamisa
|
akugqamisanga
|
okungagqamisanga
|
kungagqamisanga
|
Class 17
|
kwāgqamisa
|
okwāgqamisa
|
kwāgqamisa
|
akugqamisanga
|
okungagqamisanga
|
kungagqamisanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingagqamisa
|
—
|
ngingagqamisa
|
ngingegqamise
|
—
|
ngingegqamise
|
2nd singular
|
ungagqamisa
|
—
|
ungagqamisa
|
ungegqamise
|
—
|
ungegqamise
|
1st plural
|
singagqamisa
|
—
|
singagqamisa
|
singegqamise
|
—
|
singegqamise
|
2nd plural
|
ningagqamisa
|
—
|
ningagqamisa
|
ningegqamise
|
—
|
ningegqamise
|
Class 1
|
angagqamisa
|
—
|
engagqamisa
|
angegqamise
|
—
|
engegqamise
|
Class 2
|
bangagqamisa
|
—
|
bengagqamisa
|
bangegqamise
|
—
|
bengegqamise
|
Class 3
|
ungagqamisa
|
—
|
ungagqamisa
|
ungegqamise
|
—
|
ungegqamise
|
Class 4
|
ingagqamisa
|
—
|
ingagqamisa
|
ingegqamise
|
—
|
ingegqamise
|
Class 5
|
lingagqamisa
|
—
|
lingagqamisa
|
lingegqamise
|
—
|
lingegqamise
|
Class 6
|
angagqamisa
|
—
|
engagqamisa
|
angegqamise
|
—
|
engegqamise
|
Class 7
|
singagqamisa
|
—
|
singagqamisa
|
singegqamise
|
—
|
singegqamise
|
Class 8
|
zingagqamisa
|
—
|
zingagqamisa
|
zingegqamise
|
—
|
zingegqamise
|
Class 9
|
ingagqamisa
|
—
|
ingagqamisa
|
ingegqamise
|
—
|
ingegqamise
|
Class 10
|
zingagqamisa
|
—
|
zingagqamisa
|
zingegqamise
|
—
|
zingegqamise
|
Class 11
|
lungagqamisa
|
—
|
lungagqamisa
|
lungegqamise
|
—
|
lungegqamise
|
Class 14
|
bungagqamisa
|
—
|
bungagqamisa
|
bungegqamise
|
—
|
bungegqamise
|
Class 15
|
kungagqamisa
|
—
|
kungagqamisa
|
kungegqamise
|
—
|
kungegqamise
|
Class 17
|
kungagqamisa
|
—
|
kungagqamisa
|
kungegqamise
|
—
|
kungegqamise
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizogqamisa
|
engizogqamisa
|
ngizogqamisa
|
angizugqamisa
|
engingezugqamisa
|
ngingezugqamisa
|
2nd singular
|
uzogqamisa
|
ozogqamisa
|
uzogqamisa
|
awuzugqamisa
|
ongezugqamisa
|
ungezugqamisa
|
1st plural
|
sizogqamisa
|
esizogqamisa
|
sizogqamisa
|
asizugqamisa
|
esingezugqamisa
|
singezugqamisa
|
2nd plural
|
nizogqamisa
|
enizogqamisa
|
nizogqamisa
|
anizugqamisa
|
eningezugqamisa
|
ningezugqamisa
|
Class 1
|
uzogqamisa
|
ozogqamisa
|
ezogqamisa
|
akazugqamisa
|
ongezugqamisa
|
engezugqamisa
|
Class 2
|
bazogqamisa
|
abazogqamisa
|
bezogqamisa
|
abazugqamisa
|
abangezugqamisa
|
bengezugqamisa
|
Class 3
|
uzogqamisa
|
ozogqamisa
|
uzogqamisa
|
awuzugqamisa
|
ongezugqamisa
|
ungezugqamisa
|
Class 4
|
izogqamisa
|
ezogqamisa
|
izogqamisa
|
ayizugqamisa
|
engezugqamisa
|
ingezugqamisa
|
Class 5
|
lizogqamisa
|
elizogqamisa
|
lizogqamisa
|
alizugqamisa
|
elingezugqamisa
|
lingezugqamisa
|
Class 6
|
azogqamisa
|
azogqamisa
|
ezogqamisa
|
awazugqamisa
|
angezugqamisa
|
engezugqamisa
|
Class 7
|
sizogqamisa
|
esizogqamisa
|
sizogqamisa
|
asizugqamisa
|
esingezugqamisa
|
singezugqamisa
|
Class 8
|
zizogqamisa
|
ezizogqamisa
|
zizogqamisa
|
azizugqamisa
|
ezingezugqamisa
|
zingezugqamisa
|
Class 9
|
izogqamisa
|
ezogqamisa
|
izogqamisa
|
ayizugqamisa
|
engezugqamisa
|
ingezugqamisa
|
Class 10
|
zizogqamisa
|
ezizogqamisa
|
zizogqamisa
|
azizugqamisa
|
ezingezugqamisa
|
zingezugqamisa
|
Class 11
|
luzogqamisa
|
oluzogqamisa
|
luzogqamisa
|
aluzugqamisa
|
olungezugqamisa
|
lungezugqamisa
|
Class 14
|
buzogqamisa
|
obuzogqamisa
|
buzogqamisa
|
abuzugqamisa
|
obungezugqamisa
|
bungezugqamisa
|
Class 15
|
kuzogqamisa
|
okuzogqamisa
|
kuzogqamisa
|
akuzugqamisa
|
okungezugqamisa
|
kungezugqamisa
|
Class 17
|
kuzogqamisa
|
okuzogqamisa
|
kuzogqamisa
|
akuzugqamisa
|
okungezugqamisa
|
kungezugqamisa
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyogqamisa
|
engiyogqamisa
|
ngiyogqamisa
|
angiyugqamisa
|
engingeyugqamisa
|
ngingeyugqamisa
|
2nd singular
|
uyogqamisa
|
oyogqamisa
|
uyogqamisa
|
awuyugqamisa
|
ongeyugqamisa
|
ungeyugqamisa
|
1st plural
|
siyogqamisa
|
esiyogqamisa
|
siyogqamisa
|
asiyugqamisa
|
esingeyugqamisa
|
singeyugqamisa
|
2nd plural
|
niyogqamisa
|
eniyogqamisa
|
niyogqamisa
|
aniyugqamisa
|
eningeyugqamisa
|
ningeyugqamisa
|
Class 1
|
uyogqamisa
|
oyogqamisa
|
eyogqamisa
|
akayugqamisa
|
ongeyugqamisa
|
engeyugqamisa
|
Class 2
|
bayogqamisa
|
abayogqamisa
|
beyogqamisa
|
abayugqamisa
|
abangeyugqamisa
|
bengeyugqamisa
|
Class 3
|
uyogqamisa
|
oyogqamisa
|
uyogqamisa
|
awuyugqamisa
|
ongeyugqamisa
|
ungeyugqamisa
|
Class 4
|
iyogqamisa
|
eyogqamisa
|
iyogqamisa
|
ayiyugqamisa
|
engeyugqamisa
|
ingeyugqamisa
|
Class 5
|
liyogqamisa
|
eliyogqamisa
|
liyogqamisa
|
aliyugqamisa
|
elingeyugqamisa
|
lingeyugqamisa
|
Class 6
|
ayogqamisa
|
ayogqamisa
|
eyogqamisa
|
awayugqamisa
|
angeyugqamisa
|
engeyugqamisa
|
Class 7
|
siyogqamisa
|
esiyogqamisa
|
siyogqamisa
|
asiyugqamisa
|
esingeyugqamisa
|
singeyugqamisa
|
Class 8
|
ziyogqamisa
|
eziyogqamisa
|
ziyogqamisa
|
aziyugqamisa
|
ezingeyugqamisa
|
zingeyugqamisa
|
Class 9
|
iyogqamisa
|
eyogqamisa
|
iyogqamisa
|
ayiyugqamisa
|
engeyugqamisa
|
ingeyugqamisa
|
Class 10
|
ziyogqamisa
|
eziyogqamisa
|
ziyogqamisa
|
aziyugqamisa
|
ezingeyugqamisa
|
zingeyugqamisa
|
Class 11
|
luyogqamisa
|
oluyogqamisa
|
luyogqamisa
|
aluyugqamisa
|
olungeyugqamisa
|
lungeyugqamisa
|
Class 14
|
buyogqamisa
|
obuyogqamisa
|
buyogqamisa
|
abuyugqamisa
|
obungeyugqamisa
|
bungeyugqamisa
|
Class 15
|
kuyogqamisa
|
okuyogqamisa
|
kuyogqamisa
|
akuyugqamisa
|
okungeyugqamisa
|
kungeyugqamisa
|
Class 17
|
kuyogqamisa
|
okuyogqamisa
|
kuyogqamisa
|
akuyugqamisa
|
okungeyugqamisa
|
kungeyugqamisa
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngigqamise
|
ngingagqamisi
|
2nd singular
|
ugqamise
|
ungagqamisi
|
1st plural
|
sigqamise
|
singagqamisi
|
2nd plural
|
nigqamise
|
ningagqamisi
|
Class 1
|
agqamise
|
angagqamisi
|
Class 2
|
bagqamise
|
bangagqamisi
|
Class 3
|
ugqamise
|
ungagqamisi
|
Class 4
|
igqamise
|
ingagqamisi
|
Class 5
|
ligqamise
|
lingagqamisi
|
Class 6
|
agqamise
|
angagqamisi
|
Class 7
|
sigqamise
|
singagqamisi
|
Class 8
|
zigqamise
|
zingagqamisi
|
Class 9
|
igqamise
|
ingagqamisi
|
Class 10
|
zigqamise
|
zingagqamisi
|
Class 11
|
lugqamise
|
lungagqamisi
|
Class 14
|
bugqamise
|
bungagqamisi
|
Class 15
|
kugqamise
|
kungagqamisi
|
Class 17
|
kugqamise
|
kungagqamisi
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngagqamisa
|
ngangagqamisa, angagqamisa, angangagqamisa
|
2nd singular
|
wagqamisa
|
wangagqamisa, awagqamisa, awangagqamisa
|
1st plural
|
sagqamisa
|
sangagqamisa, asagqamisa, asangagqamisa
|
2nd plural
|
nagqamisa
|
nangagqamisa, anagqamisa, anangagqamisa
|
Class 1
|
wagqamisa
|
wangagqamisa, akagqamisa, akangagqamisa
|
Class 2
|
bagqamisa
|
bangagqamisa, abagqamisa, abangagqamisa
|
Class 3
|
wagqamisa
|
wangagqamisa, awagqamisa, awangagqamisa
|
Class 4
|
yagqamisa
|
yangagqamisa, ayagqamisa, ayangagqamisa
|
Class 5
|
lagqamisa
|
langagqamisa, alagqamisa, alangagqamisa
|
Class 6
|
agqamisa
|
angagqamisa, awagqamisa, awangagqamisa
|
Class 7
|
sagqamisa
|
sangagqamisa, asagqamisa, asangagqamisa
|
Class 8
|
zagqamisa
|
zangagqamisa, azagqamisa, azangagqamisa
|
Class 9
|
yagqamisa
|
yangagqamisa, ayagqamisa, ayangagqamisa
|
Class 10
|
zagqamisa
|
zangagqamisa, azagqamisa, azangagqamisa
|
Class 11
|
lwagqamisa
|
lwangagqamisa, alwagqamisa, alwangagqamisa
|
Class 14
|
bagqamisa
|
bangagqamisa, abagqamisa, abangagqamisa
|
Class 15
|
kwagqamisa
|
kwangagqamisa, akwagqamisa, akwangagqamisa
|
Class 17
|
kwagqamisa
|
kwangagqamisa, akwagqamisa, akwangagqamisa
|