Tone L
|
Infinitive
|
ukuhlikihla
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukuhlikihla
|
ukungahlikihli
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
hlikihla
|
-hlikihle
|
Plural
|
hlikihlani
|
-hlikihleni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyahlikihla, ngihlikihla
|
engihlikihlayo, engihlikihla
|
ngihlikihla
|
angihlikihli
|
engingahlikihli
|
ngingahlikihli
|
2nd singular
|
uyahlikihla, uhlikihla
|
ohlikihlayo, ohlikihla
|
uhlikihla
|
awuhlikihli
|
ongahlikihli
|
ungahlikihli
|
1st plural
|
siyahlikihla, sihlikihla
|
esihlikihlayo, esihlikihla
|
sihlikihla
|
asihlikihli
|
esingahlikihli
|
singahlikihli
|
2nd plural
|
niyahlikihla, nihlikihla
|
enihlikihlayo, enihlikihla
|
nihlikihla
|
anihlikihli
|
eningahlikihli
|
ningahlikihli
|
Class 1
|
uyahlikihla, uhlikihla
|
ohlikihlayo, ohlikihla
|
ehlikihla
|
akahlikihli
|
ongahlikihli
|
engahlikihli
|
Class 2
|
bayahlikihla, bahlikihla
|
abahlikihlayo, abahlikihla
|
behlikihla
|
abahlikihli
|
abangahlikihli
|
bengahlikihli
|
Class 3
|
uyahlikihla, uhlikihla
|
ohlikihlayo, ohlikihla
|
uhlikihla
|
awuhlikihli
|
ongahlikihli
|
ungahlikihli
|
Class 4
|
iyahlikihla, ihlikihla
|
ehlikihlayo, ehlikihla
|
ihlikihla
|
ayihlikihli
|
engahlikihli
|
ingahlikihli
|
Class 5
|
liyahlikihla, lihlikihla
|
elihlikihlayo, elihlikihla
|
lihlikihla
|
alihlikihli
|
elingahlikihli
|
lingahlikihli
|
Class 6
|
ayahlikihla, ahlikihla
|
ahlikihlayo, ahlikihla
|
ehlikihla
|
awahlikihli
|
angahlikihli
|
engahlikihli
|
Class 7
|
siyahlikihla, sihlikihla
|
esihlikihlayo, esihlikihla
|
sihlikihla
|
asihlikihli
|
esingahlikihli
|
singahlikihli
|
Class 8
|
ziyahlikihla, zihlikihla
|
ezihlikihlayo, ezihlikihla
|
zihlikihla
|
azihlikihli
|
ezingahlikihli
|
zingahlikihli
|
Class 9
|
iyahlikihla, ihlikihla
|
ehlikihlayo, ehlikihla
|
ihlikihla
|
ayihlikihli
|
engahlikihli
|
ingahlikihli
|
Class 10
|
ziyahlikihla, zihlikihla
|
ezihlikihlayo, ezihlikihla
|
zihlikihla
|
azihlikihli
|
ezingahlikihli
|
zingahlikihli
|
Class 11
|
luyahlikihla, luhlikihla
|
oluhlikihlayo, oluhlikihla
|
luhlikihla
|
aluhlikihli
|
olungahlikihli
|
lungahlikihli
|
Class 14
|
buyahlikihla, buhlikihla
|
obuhlikihlayo, obuhlikihla
|
buhlikihla
|
abuhlikihli
|
obungahlikihli
|
bungahlikihli
|
Class 15
|
kuyahlikihla, kuhlikihla
|
okuhlikihlayo, okuhlikihla
|
kuhlikihla
|
akuhlikihli
|
okungahlikihli
|
kungahlikihli
|
Class 17
|
kuyahlikihla, kuhlikihla
|
okuhlikihlayo, okuhlikihla
|
kuhlikihla
|
akuhlikihli
|
okungahlikihli
|
kungahlikihli
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngihlikihlile, ngihlikihlē
|
engihlikihlile, engihlikihlē
|
ngihlikihlile, ngihlikihlē
|
angihlikihlanga
|
engingahlikihlanga
|
ngingahlikihlanga
|
2nd singular
|
uhlikihlile, uhlikihlē
|
ohlikihlile, ohlikihlē
|
uhlikihlile, uhlikihlē
|
awuhlikihlanga
|
ongahlikihlanga
|
ungahlikihlanga
|
1st plural
|
sihlikihlile, sihlikihlē
|
esihlikihlile, esihlikihlē
|
sihlikihlile, sihlikihlē
|
asihlikihlanga
|
esingahlikihlanga
|
singahlikihlanga
|
2nd plural
|
nihlikihlile, nihlikihlē
|
enihlikihlile, enihlikihlē
|
nihlikihlile, nihlikihlē
|
anihlikihlanga
|
eningahlikihlanga
|
ningahlikihlanga
|
Class 1
|
uhlikihlile, uhlikihlē
|
ohlikihlile, ohlikihlē
|
ehlikihlile, ehlikihlē
|
akahlikihlanga
|
ongahlikihlanga
|
engahlikihlanga
|
Class 2
|
bahlikihlile, bahlikihlē
|
abahlikihlile, abahlikihlē
|
behlikihlile, behlikihlē
|
abahlikihlanga
|
abangahlikihlanga
|
bengahlikihlanga
|
Class 3
|
uhlikihlile, uhlikihlē
|
ohlikihlile, ohlikihlē
|
uhlikihlile, uhlikihlē
|
awuhlikihlanga
|
ongahlikihlanga
|
ungahlikihlanga
|
Class 4
|
ihlikihlile, ihlikihlē
|
ehlikihlile, ehlikihlē
|
ihlikihlile, ihlikihlē
|
ayihlikihlanga
|
engahlikihlanga
|
ingahlikihlanga
|
Class 5
|
lihlikihlile, lihlikihlē
|
elihlikihlile, elihlikihlē
|
lihlikihlile, lihlikihlē
|
alihlikihlanga
|
elingahlikihlanga
|
lingahlikihlanga
|
Class 6
|
ahlikihlile, ahlikihlē
|
ahlikihlile, ahlikihlē
|
ehlikihlile, ehlikihlē
|
awahlikihlanga
|
angahlikihlanga
|
engahlikihlanga
|
Class 7
|
sihlikihlile, sihlikihlē
|
esihlikihlile, esihlikihlē
|
sihlikihlile, sihlikihlē
|
asihlikihlanga
|
esingahlikihlanga
|
singahlikihlanga
|
Class 8
|
zihlikihlile, zihlikihlē
|
ezihlikihlile, ezihlikihlē
|
zihlikihlile, zihlikihlē
|
azihlikihlanga
|
ezingahlikihlanga
|
zingahlikihlanga
|
Class 9
|
ihlikihlile, ihlikihlē
|
ehlikihlile, ehlikihlē
|
ihlikihlile, ihlikihlē
|
ayihlikihlanga
|
engahlikihlanga
|
ingahlikihlanga
|
Class 10
|
zihlikihlile, zihlikihlē
|
ezihlikihlile, ezihlikihlē
|
zihlikihlile, zihlikihlē
|
azihlikihlanga
|
ezingahlikihlanga
|
zingahlikihlanga
|
Class 11
|
luhlikihlile, luhlikihlē
|
oluhlikihlile, oluhlikihlē
|
luhlikihlile, luhlikihlē
|
aluhlikihlanga
|
olungahlikihlanga
|
lungahlikihlanga
|
Class 14
|
buhlikihlile, buhlikihlē
|
obuhlikihlile, obuhlikihlē
|
buhlikihlile, buhlikihlē
|
abuhlikihlanga
|
obungahlikihlanga
|
bungahlikihlanga
|
Class 15
|
kuhlikihlile, kuhlikihlē
|
okuhlikihlile, okuhlikihlē
|
kuhlikihlile, kuhlikihlē
|
akuhlikihlanga
|
okungahlikihlanga
|
kungahlikihlanga
|
Class 17
|
kuhlikihlile, kuhlikihlē
|
okuhlikihlile, okuhlikihlē
|
kuhlikihlile, kuhlikihlē
|
akuhlikihlanga
|
okungahlikihlanga
|
kungahlikihlanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngāhlikihla
|
engāhlikihla
|
ngāhlikihla
|
angihlikihlanga
|
engingahlikihlanga
|
ngingahlikihlanga
|
2nd singular
|
wāhlikihla
|
owāhlikihla
|
wāhlikihla
|
awuhlikihlanga
|
ongahlikihlanga
|
ungahlikihlanga
|
1st plural
|
sāhlikihla
|
esāhlikihla
|
sāhlikihla
|
asihlikihlanga
|
esingahlikihlanga
|
singahlikihlanga
|
2nd plural
|
nāhlikihla
|
enāhlikihla
|
nāhlikihla
|
anihlikihlanga
|
eningahlikihlanga
|
ningahlikihlanga
|
Class 1
|
wāhlikihla
|
owāhlikihla
|
āhlikihla
|
akahlikihlanga
|
ongahlikihlanga
|
engahlikihlanga
|
Class 2
|
bāhlikihla
|
abāhlikihla
|
bāhlikihla
|
abahlikihlanga
|
abangahlikihlanga
|
bengahlikihlanga
|
Class 3
|
wāhlikihla
|
owāhlikihla
|
wāhlikihla
|
awuhlikihlanga
|
ongahlikihlanga
|
ungahlikihlanga
|
Class 4
|
yāhlikihla
|
eyāhlikihla
|
yāhlikihla
|
ayihlikihlanga
|
engahlikihlanga
|
ingahlikihlanga
|
Class 5
|
lāhlikihla
|
elāhlikihla
|
lāhlikihla
|
alihlikihlanga
|
elingahlikihlanga
|
lingahlikihlanga
|
Class 6
|
āhlikihla
|
āhlikihla
|
āhlikihla
|
awahlikihlanga
|
angahlikihlanga
|
engahlikihlanga
|
Class 7
|
sāhlikihla
|
esāhlikihla
|
sāhlikihla
|
asihlikihlanga
|
esingahlikihlanga
|
singahlikihlanga
|
Class 8
|
zāhlikihla
|
ezāhlikihla
|
zāhlikihla
|
azihlikihlanga
|
ezingahlikihlanga
|
zingahlikihlanga
|
Class 9
|
yāhlikihla
|
eyāhlikihla
|
yāhlikihla
|
ayihlikihlanga
|
engahlikihlanga
|
ingahlikihlanga
|
Class 10
|
zāhlikihla
|
ezāhlikihla
|
zāhlikihla
|
azihlikihlanga
|
ezingahlikihlanga
|
zingahlikihlanga
|
Class 11
|
lwāhlikihla
|
olwāhlikihla
|
lwāhlikihla
|
aluhlikihlanga
|
olungahlikihlanga
|
lungahlikihlanga
|
Class 14
|
bāhlikihla
|
obāhlikihla
|
bāhlikihla
|
abuhlikihlanga
|
obungahlikihlanga
|
bungahlikihlanga
|
Class 15
|
kwāhlikihla
|
okwāhlikihla
|
kwāhlikihla
|
akuhlikihlanga
|
okungahlikihlanga
|
kungahlikihlanga
|
Class 17
|
kwāhlikihla
|
okwāhlikihla
|
kwāhlikihla
|
akuhlikihlanga
|
okungahlikihlanga
|
kungahlikihlanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingahlikihla
|
—
|
ngingahlikihla
|
ngingehlikihle
|
—
|
ngingehlikihle
|
2nd singular
|
ungahlikihla
|
—
|
ungahlikihla
|
ungehlikihle
|
—
|
ungehlikihle
|
1st plural
|
singahlikihla
|
—
|
singahlikihla
|
singehlikihle
|
—
|
singehlikihle
|
2nd plural
|
ningahlikihla
|
—
|
ningahlikihla
|
ningehlikihle
|
—
|
ningehlikihle
|
Class 1
|
angahlikihla
|
—
|
engahlikihla
|
angehlikihle
|
—
|
engehlikihle
|
Class 2
|
bangahlikihla
|
—
|
bengahlikihla
|
bangehlikihle
|
—
|
bengehlikihle
|
Class 3
|
ungahlikihla
|
—
|
ungahlikihla
|
ungehlikihle
|
—
|
ungehlikihle
|
Class 4
|
ingahlikihla
|
—
|
ingahlikihla
|
ingehlikihle
|
—
|
ingehlikihle
|
Class 5
|
lingahlikihla
|
—
|
lingahlikihla
|
lingehlikihle
|
—
|
lingehlikihle
|
Class 6
|
angahlikihla
|
—
|
engahlikihla
|
angehlikihle
|
—
|
engehlikihle
|
Class 7
|
singahlikihla
|
—
|
singahlikihla
|
singehlikihle
|
—
|
singehlikihle
|
Class 8
|
zingahlikihla
|
—
|
zingahlikihla
|
zingehlikihle
|
—
|
zingehlikihle
|
Class 9
|
ingahlikihla
|
—
|
ingahlikihla
|
ingehlikihle
|
—
|
ingehlikihle
|
Class 10
|
zingahlikihla
|
—
|
zingahlikihla
|
zingehlikihle
|
—
|
zingehlikihle
|
Class 11
|
lungahlikihla
|
—
|
lungahlikihla
|
lungehlikihle
|
—
|
lungehlikihle
|
Class 14
|
bungahlikihla
|
—
|
bungahlikihla
|
bungehlikihle
|
—
|
bungehlikihle
|
Class 15
|
kungahlikihla
|
—
|
kungahlikihla
|
kungehlikihle
|
—
|
kungehlikihle
|
Class 17
|
kungahlikihla
|
—
|
kungahlikihla
|
kungehlikihle
|
—
|
kungehlikihle
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizohlikihla
|
engizohlikihla
|
ngizohlikihla
|
angizuhlikihla
|
engingezuhlikihla
|
ngingezuhlikihla
|
2nd singular
|
uzohlikihla
|
ozohlikihla
|
uzohlikihla
|
awuzuhlikihla
|
ongezuhlikihla
|
ungezuhlikihla
|
1st plural
|
sizohlikihla
|
esizohlikihla
|
sizohlikihla
|
asizuhlikihla
|
esingezuhlikihla
|
singezuhlikihla
|
2nd plural
|
nizohlikihla
|
enizohlikihla
|
nizohlikihla
|
anizuhlikihla
|
eningezuhlikihla
|
ningezuhlikihla
|
Class 1
|
uzohlikihla
|
ozohlikihla
|
ezohlikihla
|
akazuhlikihla
|
ongezuhlikihla
|
engezuhlikihla
|
Class 2
|
bazohlikihla
|
abazohlikihla
|
bezohlikihla
|
abazuhlikihla
|
abangezuhlikihla
|
bengezuhlikihla
|
Class 3
|
uzohlikihla
|
ozohlikihla
|
uzohlikihla
|
awuzuhlikihla
|
ongezuhlikihla
|
ungezuhlikihla
|
Class 4
|
izohlikihla
|
ezohlikihla
|
izohlikihla
|
ayizuhlikihla
|
engezuhlikihla
|
ingezuhlikihla
|
Class 5
|
lizohlikihla
|
elizohlikihla
|
lizohlikihla
|
alizuhlikihla
|
elingezuhlikihla
|
lingezuhlikihla
|
Class 6
|
azohlikihla
|
azohlikihla
|
ezohlikihla
|
awazuhlikihla
|
angezuhlikihla
|
engezuhlikihla
|
Class 7
|
sizohlikihla
|
esizohlikihla
|
sizohlikihla
|
asizuhlikihla
|
esingezuhlikihla
|
singezuhlikihla
|
Class 8
|
zizohlikihla
|
ezizohlikihla
|
zizohlikihla
|
azizuhlikihla
|
ezingezuhlikihla
|
zingezuhlikihla
|
Class 9
|
izohlikihla
|
ezohlikihla
|
izohlikihla
|
ayizuhlikihla
|
engezuhlikihla
|
ingezuhlikihla
|
Class 10
|
zizohlikihla
|
ezizohlikihla
|
zizohlikihla
|
azizuhlikihla
|
ezingezuhlikihla
|
zingezuhlikihla
|
Class 11
|
luzohlikihla
|
oluzohlikihla
|
luzohlikihla
|
aluzuhlikihla
|
olungezuhlikihla
|
lungezuhlikihla
|
Class 14
|
buzohlikihla
|
obuzohlikihla
|
buzohlikihla
|
abuzuhlikihla
|
obungezuhlikihla
|
bungezuhlikihla
|
Class 15
|
kuzohlikihla
|
okuzohlikihla
|
kuzohlikihla
|
akuzuhlikihla
|
okungezuhlikihla
|
kungezuhlikihla
|
Class 17
|
kuzohlikihla
|
okuzohlikihla
|
kuzohlikihla
|
akuzuhlikihla
|
okungezuhlikihla
|
kungezuhlikihla
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyohlikihla
|
engiyohlikihla
|
ngiyohlikihla
|
angiyuhlikihla
|
engingeyuhlikihla
|
ngingeyuhlikihla
|
2nd singular
|
uyohlikihla
|
oyohlikihla
|
uyohlikihla
|
awuyuhlikihla
|
ongeyuhlikihla
|
ungeyuhlikihla
|
1st plural
|
siyohlikihla
|
esiyohlikihla
|
siyohlikihla
|
asiyuhlikihla
|
esingeyuhlikihla
|
singeyuhlikihla
|
2nd plural
|
niyohlikihla
|
eniyohlikihla
|
niyohlikihla
|
aniyuhlikihla
|
eningeyuhlikihla
|
ningeyuhlikihla
|
Class 1
|
uyohlikihla
|
oyohlikihla
|
eyohlikihla
|
akayuhlikihla
|
ongeyuhlikihla
|
engeyuhlikihla
|
Class 2
|
bayohlikihla
|
abayohlikihla
|
beyohlikihla
|
abayuhlikihla
|
abangeyuhlikihla
|
bengeyuhlikihla
|
Class 3
|
uyohlikihla
|
oyohlikihla
|
uyohlikihla
|
awuyuhlikihla
|
ongeyuhlikihla
|
ungeyuhlikihla
|
Class 4
|
iyohlikihla
|
eyohlikihla
|
iyohlikihla
|
ayiyuhlikihla
|
engeyuhlikihla
|
ingeyuhlikihla
|
Class 5
|
liyohlikihla
|
eliyohlikihla
|
liyohlikihla
|
aliyuhlikihla
|
elingeyuhlikihla
|
lingeyuhlikihla
|
Class 6
|
ayohlikihla
|
ayohlikihla
|
eyohlikihla
|
awayuhlikihla
|
angeyuhlikihla
|
engeyuhlikihla
|
Class 7
|
siyohlikihla
|
esiyohlikihla
|
siyohlikihla
|
asiyuhlikihla
|
esingeyuhlikihla
|
singeyuhlikihla
|
Class 8
|
ziyohlikihla
|
eziyohlikihla
|
ziyohlikihla
|
aziyuhlikihla
|
ezingeyuhlikihla
|
zingeyuhlikihla
|
Class 9
|
iyohlikihla
|
eyohlikihla
|
iyohlikihla
|
ayiyuhlikihla
|
engeyuhlikihla
|
ingeyuhlikihla
|
Class 10
|
ziyohlikihla
|
eziyohlikihla
|
ziyohlikihla
|
aziyuhlikihla
|
ezingeyuhlikihla
|
zingeyuhlikihla
|
Class 11
|
luyohlikihla
|
oluyohlikihla
|
luyohlikihla
|
aluyuhlikihla
|
olungeyuhlikihla
|
lungeyuhlikihla
|
Class 14
|
buyohlikihla
|
obuyohlikihla
|
buyohlikihla
|
abuyuhlikihla
|
obungeyuhlikihla
|
bungeyuhlikihla
|
Class 15
|
kuyohlikihla
|
okuyohlikihla
|
kuyohlikihla
|
akuyuhlikihla
|
okungeyuhlikihla
|
kungeyuhlikihla
|
Class 17
|
kuyohlikihla
|
okuyohlikihla
|
kuyohlikihla
|
akuyuhlikihla
|
okungeyuhlikihla
|
kungeyuhlikihla
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngihlikihle
|
ngingahlikihli
|
2nd singular
|
uhlikihle
|
ungahlikihli
|
1st plural
|
sihlikihle
|
singahlikihli
|
2nd plural
|
nihlikihle
|
ningahlikihli
|
Class 1
|
ahlikihle
|
angahlikihli
|
Class 2
|
bahlikihle
|
bangahlikihli
|
Class 3
|
uhlikihle
|
ungahlikihli
|
Class 4
|
ihlikihle
|
ingahlikihli
|
Class 5
|
lihlikihle
|
lingahlikihli
|
Class 6
|
ahlikihle
|
angahlikihli
|
Class 7
|
sihlikihle
|
singahlikihli
|
Class 8
|
zihlikihle
|
zingahlikihli
|
Class 9
|
ihlikihle
|
ingahlikihli
|
Class 10
|
zihlikihle
|
zingahlikihli
|
Class 11
|
luhlikihle
|
lungahlikihli
|
Class 14
|
buhlikihle
|
bungahlikihli
|
Class 15
|
kuhlikihle
|
kungahlikihli
|
Class 17
|
kuhlikihle
|
kungahlikihli
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngahlikihla
|
ngangahlikihla, angahlikihla, angangahlikihla
|
2nd singular
|
wahlikihla
|
wangahlikihla, awahlikihla, awangahlikihla
|
1st plural
|
sahlikihla
|
sangahlikihla, asahlikihla, asangahlikihla
|
2nd plural
|
nahlikihla
|
nangahlikihla, anahlikihla, anangahlikihla
|
Class 1
|
wahlikihla
|
wangahlikihla, akahlikihla, akangahlikihla
|
Class 2
|
bahlikihla
|
bangahlikihla, abahlikihla, abangahlikihla
|
Class 3
|
wahlikihla
|
wangahlikihla, awahlikihla, awangahlikihla
|
Class 4
|
yahlikihla
|
yangahlikihla, ayahlikihla, ayangahlikihla
|
Class 5
|
lahlikihla
|
langahlikihla, alahlikihla, alangahlikihla
|
Class 6
|
ahlikihla
|
angahlikihla, awahlikihla, awangahlikihla
|
Class 7
|
sahlikihla
|
sangahlikihla, asahlikihla, asangahlikihla
|
Class 8
|
zahlikihla
|
zangahlikihla, azahlikihla, azangahlikihla
|
Class 9
|
yahlikihla
|
yangahlikihla, ayahlikihla, ayangahlikihla
|
Class 10
|
zahlikihla
|
zangahlikihla, azahlikihla, azangahlikihla
|
Class 11
|
lwahlikihla
|
lwangahlikihla, alwahlikihla, alwangahlikihla
|
Class 14
|
bahlikihla
|
bangahlikihla, abahlikihla, abangahlikihla
|
Class 15
|
kwahlikihla
|
kwangahlikihla, akwahlikihla, akwangahlikihla
|
Class 17
|
kwahlikihla
|
kwangahlikihla, akwahlikihla, akwangahlikihla
|