invitus

Esperanto

Pronunciation

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Verb

invitus

1. conditional of inviti

Latin

Etymology

Uncertain:

• Some refer it to Proto-Indo-European *n̥-weyh₁-tos (“not turned to, not pursuing”), from *n̥- (“not, un-”) +‎ *weyh₁- (“to chase, pursue”). This derivation is preferred by de Vaan.
• Some refer it to Proto-Indo-European *weḱ- (“to will”), thus "unwilling". In this case, cognate with Ancient Greek ἑκών (hekṓn), ἀέκων (aékōn);

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /inˈu̯iː.tus/, [ɪnˈu̯iːt̪ʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /inˈvi.tus/, [iɱˈviːt̪us]

Adjective

invītus (feminine invīta, neuter invītum, superlative invītissimus); first/second-declension adjective

1. unwilling, reluctant, against one’s will, in spite of me, without my consent

   Antonyms: intentus, prōmptus, intēnsus

   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 4.851–852:

     ōsculaque adplicuit positō suprēma feretrō
     atque ait ‘invītō frāter adēmptē, valē!’

     And he gave the final kisses, with the bier having been set down, and he said: ‘‘My brother, having been taken against my will, farewell!’’
     (Romulus and Remus: In Ovid’s version, Romulus grieves the death of Remus who has been killed by Celer (builder).)

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Number	Singular				Plural
Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	invītus	invīta	invītum		invītī	invītae	invīta
Genitive	invītī	invītae	invītī		invītōrum	invītārum	invītōrum
Dative	invītō		invītō		invītīs
Accusative	invītum	invītam	invītum		invītōs	invītās	invīta
Ablative	invītō	invītā	invītō		invītīs
Vocative	invīte	invīta	invītum		invītī	invītae	invīta

Descendants

• Italo-Romance:
  • Old Neapolitan: invito
• Padanian:
  • Old Ligurian: invio
    • ⇒ Ligurian: mainviu, morenviu (male + invitus)
  • Old Lombard: invito, ⇒ a invidho
    • Lombard: inevit, inevida, inivida, nivida, invida, innevida, invit, navit, nivit ⇒ de nivit
  • ⇒ Piedmontese: maravi, maranvi, malanvi (male 'badly' + invitus)
  • Romansch: nuidas, nuidis, ivigdas, invidas
• Northern Gallo-Romance:
  • Lorrain: evi
  • Old French: envis ⇒ a envis
    • → Sicilian: ammittsi
  • Picard: anvis
  • Walloon: evi
• Southern Gallo-Romance:
  • Old Catalan: envides
  • Old Occitan: envitz
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: envidos ⇒ anvidos (a + envidos)
  • ⇒ Old Spanish: ambidos, amidos

References

• “invitus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “invitus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• invitus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911) “invitus”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), page 327
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “ĭnvītus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 4: G H I, page 803