krjúpa
Icelandic
editEtymology
editFrom Old Norse krjúpa, from Proto-Germanic *kreupaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“turn, wind”). Cognate with Norwegian krype, Swedish krypa, Danish krybe, English creep, Dutch kruipen.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editkrjúpa (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative kraup, third-person plural past indicative krupu, supine kropið)
- (intransitive) to kneel down, to genuflect, to get down on one's knees
Conjugation
editkrjúpa — active voice (germynd)
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að krjúpa | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
kropið | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
krjúpandi | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég krýp | við krjúpum | present (nútíð) |
ég krjúpi | við krjúpum |
þú krýpur | þið krjúpið | þú krjúpir | þið krjúpið | ||
hann, hún, það krýpur | þeir, þær, þau krjúpa | hann, hún, það krjúpi | þeir, þær, þau krjúpi | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég kraup | við krupum | past (þátíð) |
ég krypi | við krypum |
þú kraupst | þið krupuð | þú krypir | þið krypuð | ||
hann, hún, það kraup | þeir, þær, þau krupu | hann, hún, það krypi | þeir, þær, þau krypu | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
krjúp (þú) | krjúpið (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
krjúptu | krjúpiði * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
kropinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension (sterk beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
kropinn | kropin | kropið | kropnir | kropnar | kropin | |
accusative (þolfall) |
kropinn | kropna | kropið | kropna | kropnar | kropin | |
dative (þágufall) |
kropnum | kropinni | kropnu | kropnum | kropnum | kropnum | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
kropins | kropinnar | kropins | kropinna | kropinna | kropinna | |
weak declension (veik beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
kropni | kropna | kropna | kropnu | kropnu | kropnu | |
accusative (þolfall) |
kropna | kropnu | kropna | kropnu | kropnu | kropnu | |
dative (þágufall) |
kropna | kropnu | kropna | kropnu | kropnu | kropnu | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
kropna | kropnu | kropna | kropnu | kropnu | kropnu |
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon — Íslensk orðsifjabók, (1989). Reykjavík, Orðabók Háskólans. (Available on Málið.is under the “Eldra mál” tab.)
Old Norse
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Germanic *kreupaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“turn, wind”).
Verb
editkrjúpa (singular past indicative kraup, plural past indicative krupu, past participle kropinn)
- to creep, crouch
- 1066, Haraldr harðráði Sigurðarson, Lausavísur 14, in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 55-6., retrieved at the Skaldic Database
- Krjúpum vér fyr vápna
(valteigs) brǫkun eigi
(svá bauð Hildr) at hjaldri
(haldorð) í bug skjaldar.- We [I] do not creep into the hollow of the shield in battle because of the crash of weapons; thus the faithful Hildr <valkyrie> of the falcon-field [ARM > WOMAN] commanded.
- 1066, Haraldr harðráði Sigurðarson, Lausavísur 14, in Kari Ellen Gade (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c. 1035 to c. 1300. Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2. Turnhout: Brepols, pp. 55-6., retrieved at the Skaldic Database
- to fall prostrate, kneel
Conjugation
editConjugation of krjúpa — active (strong class 2)
infinitive | krjúpa | |
---|---|---|
present participle | krjúpandi | |
past participle | kropinn | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | krýp | kraup |
2nd-person singular | krýpr | kraupt |
3rd-person singular | krýpr | kraup |
1st-person plural | krjúpum | krupum |
2nd-person plural | krjúpið | krupuð |
3rd-person plural | krjúpa | krupu |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | krjúpa | krypa |
2nd-person singular | krjúpir | krypir |
3rd-person singular | krjúpi | krypi |
1st-person plural | krjúpim | krypim |
2nd-person plural | krjúpið | krypið |
3rd-person plural | krjúpi | krypi |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | krjúp | |
1st-person plural | krjúpum | |
2nd-person plural | krjúpið |
Conjugation of krjúpa — mediopassive (strong class 2)
infinitive | krjúpask | |
---|---|---|
present participle | krjúpandisk | |
past participle | kropizk | |
indicative | present | past |
1st-person singular | krjúpumk | krupumk |
2nd-person singular | krýpsk | kraupzk |
3rd-person singular | krýpsk | kraupsk |
1st-person plural | krjúpumsk | krupumsk |
2nd-person plural | krjúpizk | krupuzk |
3rd-person plural | krjúpask | krupusk |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st-person singular | krjúpumk | krypumk |
2nd-person singular | krjúpisk | krypisk |
3rd-person singular | krjúpisk | krypisk |
1st-person plural | krjúpimsk | krypimsk |
2nd-person plural | krjúpizk | krypizk |
3rd-person plural | krjúpisk | krypisk |
imperative | present | |
2nd-person singular | krjúpsk | |
1st-person plural | krjúpumsk | |
2nd-person plural | krjúpizk |
Descendants
edit- Icelandic: krjúpa
- Faroese: krúpa
- Norwegian:
- Old Swedish: krȳpa
- Swedish: krypa
- Old Danish: krȳpæ
- Danish: krybe
- Elfdalian: kriuopa
- Gutnish: kräupe
- Scanian: krýba
- → Scottish Gaelic: crùb
References
edit- “krjúpa”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Categories:
- Icelandic terms inherited from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Icelandic terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Icelandic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Icelandic 2-syllable words
- Icelandic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Icelandic/uːpa
- Rhymes:Icelandic/uːpa/2 syllables
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic verbs
- Icelandic strong verbs
- Icelandic intransitive verbs
- Icelandic class 2 strong verbs
- Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Norse lemmas
- Old Norse verbs
- Old Norse terms with quotations
- Old Norse class 2 strong verbs