Zulu edit

Verb edit

-londa

  1. (transitive) to preserve, to save, to keep, to keep safe
  2. (transitive) to protect
  3. (transitive) to observe, to keep in memory

Inflection edit

Tone L
Infinitive ukulonda
Positive Negative
Infinitive ukulonda ukungalondi
Imperative
Simple + object concord
Singular londa -londe
Plural londani -londeni
Present
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyalonda, ngilonda engilondayo, engilonda ngilonda angilondi engingalondi ngingalondi
2nd singular uyalonda, ulonda olondayo, olonda ulonda awulondi ongalondi ungalondi
1st plural siyalonda, silonda esilondayo, esilonda silonda asilondi esingalondi singalondi
2nd plural niyalonda, nilonda enilondayo, enilonda nilonda anilondi eningalondi ningalondi
Class 1 uyalonda, ulonda olondayo, olonda elonda akalondi ongalondi engalondi
Class 2 bayalonda, balonda abalondayo, abalonda belonda abalondi abangalondi bengalondi
Class 3 uyalonda, ulonda olondayo, olonda ulonda awulondi ongalondi ungalondi
Class 4 iyalonda, ilonda elondayo, elonda ilonda ayilondi engalondi ingalondi
Class 5 liyalonda, lilonda elilondayo, elilonda lilonda alilondi elingalondi lingalondi
Class 6 ayalonda, alonda alondayo, alonda elonda awalondi angalondi engalondi
Class 7 siyalonda, silonda esilondayo, esilonda silonda asilondi esingalondi singalondi
Class 8 ziyalonda, zilonda ezilondayo, ezilonda zilonda azilondi ezingalondi zingalondi
Class 9 iyalonda, ilonda elondayo, elonda ilonda ayilondi engalondi ingalondi
Class 10 ziyalonda, zilonda ezilondayo, ezilonda zilonda azilondi ezingalondi zingalondi
Class 11 luyalonda, lulonda olulondayo, olulonda lulonda alulondi olungalondi lungalondi
Class 14 buyalonda, bulonda obulondayo, obulonda bulonda abulondi obungalondi bungalondi
Class 15 kuyalonda, kulonda okulondayo, okulonda kulonda akulondi okungalondi kungalondi
Class 17 kuyalonda, kulonda okulondayo, okulonda kulonda akulondi okungalondi kungalondi
Recent past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngilondile, ngilondē engilondile, engilondē ngilondile, ngilondē angilondanga engingalondanga ngingalondanga
2nd singular ulondile, ulondē olondile, olondē ulondile, ulondē awulondanga ongalondanga ungalondanga
1st plural silondile, silondē esilondile, esilondē silondile, silondē asilondanga esingalondanga singalondanga
2nd plural nilondile, nilondē enilondile, enilondē nilondile, nilondē anilondanga eningalondanga ningalondanga
Class 1 ulondile, ulondē olondile, olondē elondile, elondē akalondanga ongalondanga engalondanga
Class 2 balondile, balondē abalondile, abalondē belondile, belondē abalondanga abangalondanga bengalondanga
Class 3 ulondile, ulondē olondile, olondē ulondile, ulondē awulondanga ongalondanga ungalondanga
Class 4 ilondile, ilondē elondile, elondē ilondile, ilondē ayilondanga engalondanga ingalondanga
Class 5 lilondile, lilondē elilondile, elilondē lilondile, lilondē alilondanga elingalondanga lingalondanga
Class 6 alondile, alondē alondile, alondē elondile, elondē awalondanga angalondanga engalondanga
Class 7 silondile, silondē esilondile, esilondē silondile, silondē asilondanga esingalondanga singalondanga
Class 8 zilondile, zilondē ezilondile, ezilondē zilondile, zilondē azilondanga ezingalondanga zingalondanga
Class 9 ilondile, ilondē elondile, elondē ilondile, ilondē ayilondanga engalondanga ingalondanga
Class 10 zilondile, zilondē ezilondile, ezilondē zilondile, zilondē azilondanga ezingalondanga zingalondanga
Class 11 lulondile, lulondē olulondile, olulondē lulondile, lulondē alulondanga olungalondanga lungalondanga
Class 14 bulondile, bulondē obulondile, obulondē bulondile, bulondē abulondanga obungalondanga bungalondanga
Class 15 kulondile, kulondē okulondile, okulondē kulondile, kulondē akulondanga okungalondanga kungalondanga
Class 17 kulondile, kulondē okulondile, okulondē kulondile, kulondē akulondanga okungalondanga kungalondanga
Remote past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngālonda engālonda ngālonda angilondanga engingalondanga ngingalondanga
2nd singular wālonda owālonda wālonda awulondanga ongalondanga ungalondanga
1st plural sālonda esālonda sālonda asilondanga esingalondanga singalondanga
2nd plural nālonda enālonda nālonda anilondanga eningalondanga ningalondanga
Class 1 wālonda owālonda ālonda akalondanga ongalondanga engalondanga
Class 2 bālonda abālonda bālonda abalondanga abangalondanga bengalondanga
Class 3 wālonda owālonda wālonda awulondanga ongalondanga ungalondanga
Class 4 yālonda eyālonda yālonda ayilondanga engalondanga ingalondanga
Class 5 lālonda elālonda lālonda alilondanga elingalondanga lingalondanga
Class 6 ālonda ālonda ālonda awalondanga angalondanga engalondanga
Class 7 sālonda esālonda sālonda asilondanga esingalondanga singalondanga
Class 8 zālonda ezālonda zālonda azilondanga ezingalondanga zingalondanga
Class 9 yālonda eyālonda yālonda ayilondanga engalondanga ingalondanga
Class 10 zālonda ezālonda zālonda azilondanga ezingalondanga zingalondanga
Class 11 lwālonda olwālonda lwālonda alulondanga olungalondanga lungalondanga
Class 14 bālonda obālonda bālonda abulondanga obungalondanga bungalondanga
Class 15 kwālonda okwālonda kwālonda akulondanga okungalondanga kungalondanga
Class 17 kwālonda okwālonda kwālonda akulondanga okungalondanga kungalondanga
Potential
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngingalonda ngingalonda ngingelonde ngingelonde
2nd singular ungalonda ungalonda ungelonde ungelonde
1st plural singalonda singalonda singelonde singelonde
2nd plural ningalonda ningalonda ningelonde ningelonde
Class 1 angalonda engalonda angelonde engelonde
Class 2 bangalonda bengalonda bangelonde bengelonde
Class 3 ungalonda ungalonda ungelonde ungelonde
Class 4 ingalonda ingalonda ingelonde ingelonde
Class 5 lingalonda lingalonda lingelonde lingelonde
Class 6 angalonda engalonda angelonde engelonde
Class 7 singalonda singalonda singelonde singelonde
Class 8 zingalonda zingalonda zingelonde zingelonde
Class 9 ingalonda ingalonda ingelonde ingelonde
Class 10 zingalonda zingalonda zingelonde zingelonde
Class 11 lungalonda lungalonda lungelonde lungelonde
Class 14 bungalonda bungalonda bungelonde bungelonde
Class 15 kungalonda kungalonda kungelonde kungelonde
Class 17 kungalonda kungalonda kungelonde kungelonde
Immediate future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngizolonda engizolonda ngizolonda angizulonda engingezulonda ngingezulonda
2nd singular uzolonda ozolonda uzolonda awuzulonda ongezulonda ungezulonda
1st plural sizolonda esizolonda sizolonda asizulonda esingezulonda singezulonda
2nd plural nizolonda enizolonda nizolonda anizulonda eningezulonda ningezulonda
Class 1 uzolonda ozolonda ezolonda akazulonda ongezulonda engezulonda
Class 2 bazolonda abazolonda bezolonda abazulonda abangezulonda bengezulonda
Class 3 uzolonda ozolonda uzolonda awuzulonda ongezulonda ungezulonda
Class 4 izolonda ezolonda izolonda ayizulonda engezulonda ingezulonda
Class 5 lizolonda elizolonda lizolonda alizulonda elingezulonda lingezulonda
Class 6 azolonda azolonda ezolonda awazulonda angezulonda engezulonda
Class 7 sizolonda esizolonda sizolonda asizulonda esingezulonda singezulonda
Class 8 zizolonda ezizolonda zizolonda azizulonda ezingezulonda zingezulonda
Class 9 izolonda ezolonda izolonda ayizulonda engezulonda ingezulonda
Class 10 zizolonda ezizolonda zizolonda azizulonda ezingezulonda zingezulonda
Class 11 luzolonda oluzolonda luzolonda aluzulonda olungezulonda lungezulonda
Class 14 buzolonda obuzolonda buzolonda abuzulonda obungezulonda bungezulonda
Class 15 kuzolonda okuzolonda kuzolonda akuzulonda okungezulonda kungezulonda
Class 17 kuzolonda okuzolonda kuzolonda akuzulonda okungezulonda kungezulonda
Remote future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyolonda engiyolonda ngiyolonda angiyulonda engingeyulonda ngingeyulonda
2nd singular uyolonda oyolonda uyolonda awuyulonda ongeyulonda ungeyulonda
1st plural siyolonda esiyolonda siyolonda asiyulonda esingeyulonda singeyulonda
2nd plural niyolonda eniyolonda niyolonda aniyulonda eningeyulonda ningeyulonda
Class 1 uyolonda oyolonda eyolonda akayulonda ongeyulonda engeyulonda
Class 2 bayolonda abayolonda beyolonda abayulonda abangeyulonda bengeyulonda
Class 3 uyolonda oyolonda uyolonda awuyulonda ongeyulonda ungeyulonda
Class 4 iyolonda eyolonda iyolonda ayiyulonda engeyulonda ingeyulonda
Class 5 liyolonda eliyolonda liyolonda aliyulonda elingeyulonda lingeyulonda
Class 6 ayolonda ayolonda eyolonda awayulonda angeyulonda engeyulonda
Class 7 siyolonda esiyolonda siyolonda asiyulonda esingeyulonda singeyulonda
Class 8 ziyolonda eziyolonda ziyolonda aziyulonda ezingeyulonda zingeyulonda
Class 9 iyolonda eyolonda iyolonda ayiyulonda engeyulonda ingeyulonda
Class 10 ziyolonda eziyolonda ziyolonda aziyulonda ezingeyulonda zingeyulonda
Class 11 luyolonda oluyolonda luyolonda aluyulonda olungeyulonda lungeyulonda
Class 14 buyolonda obuyolonda buyolonda abuyulonda obungeyulonda bungeyulonda
Class 15 kuyolonda okuyolonda kuyolonda akuyulonda okungeyulonda kungeyulonda
Class 17 kuyolonda okuyolonda kuyolonda akuyulonda okungeyulonda kungeyulonda
Present subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngilonde ngingalondi
2nd singular ulonde ungalondi
1st plural silonde singalondi
2nd plural nilonde ningalondi
Class 1 alonde angalondi
Class 2 balonde bangalondi
Class 3 ulonde ungalondi
Class 4 ilonde ingalondi
Class 5 lilonde lingalondi
Class 6 alonde angalondi
Class 7 silonde singalondi
Class 8 zilonde zingalondi
Class 9 ilonde ingalondi
Class 10 zilonde zingalondi
Class 11 lulonde lungalondi
Class 14 bulonde bungalondi
Class 15 kulonde kungalondi
Class 17 kulonde kungalondi
Past subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngalonda ngangalonda, angalonda, angangalonda
2nd singular walonda wangalonda, awalonda, awangalonda
1st plural salonda sangalonda, asalonda, asangalonda
2nd plural nalonda nangalonda, analonda, anangalonda
Class 1 walonda wangalonda, akalonda, akangalonda
Class 2 balonda bangalonda, abalonda, abangalonda
Class 3 walonda wangalonda, awalonda, awangalonda
Class 4 yalonda yangalonda, ayalonda, ayangalonda
Class 5 lalonda langalonda, alalonda, alangalonda
Class 6 alonda angalonda, awalonda, awangalonda
Class 7 salonda sangalonda, asalonda, asangalonda
Class 8 zalonda zangalonda, azalonda, azangalonda
Class 9 yalonda yangalonda, ayalonda, ayangalonda
Class 10 zalonda zangalonda, azalonda, azangalonda
Class 11 lwalonda lwangalonda, alwalonda, alwangalonda
Class 14 balonda bangalonda, abalonda, abangalonda
Class 15 kwalonda kwangalonda, akwalonda, akwangalonda
Class 17 kwalonda kwangalonda, akwalonda, akwangalonda

References edit