majjhimapurisa
Pali
editAlternative forms
editAlternative scripts
- 𑀫𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀺𑀫𑀧𑀼𑀭𑀺𑀲 (Brahmi script)
- मज्झिमपुरिस (Devanagari script)
- মজ্ঝিমপুরিস (Bengali script)
- මජ්ඣිමපුරිස (Sinhalese script)
- မဇ္ဈိမပုရိသ or မဇ္ၛိမပုရိသ or မၹ္ꧢိမပုရိသ or မၹ်ꧢိမပုရိသ (Burmese script)
- มชฺฌิมปุริส or มัชฌิมะปุริสะ (Thai script)
- ᨾᨩ᩠ᨫᩥᨾᨷᩩᩁᩥᩈ (Tai Tham script)
- ມຊ຺ຌິມປຸຣິສ or ມັຊຌິມະປຸຣິສະ (Lao script)
- មជ្ឈិមបុរិស (Khmer script)
- 𑄟𑄎𑄴𑄏𑄨𑄟𑄛𑄪𑄢𑄨𑄥 (Chakma script)
Alternative scripts
- majjhima purisa (Latin script)
- 𑀫𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀺𑀫 𑀧𑀼𑀭𑀺𑀲 (Brahmi script)
- मज्झिम पुरिस (Devanagari script)
- মজ্ঝিম পুরিস (Bengali script)
- මජ්ඣිම පුරිස (Sinhalese script)
- မဇ္ဈိမ ပုရိသ or မဇ္ၛိမ ပုရိသ or မၹ္ꧢိမ ပုရိသ or မၹ်ꧢိမ ပုရိသ (Burmese script)
- มชฺฌิม ปุริส or มัชฌิมะ ปุริสะ (Thai script)
- ᨾᨩ᩠ᨫᩥᨾ ᨷᩩᩁᩥᩈ (Tai Tham script)
- ມຊ຺ຌິມ ປຸຣິສ or ມັຊຌິມະ ປຸຣິສະ (Lao script)
- មជ្ឈិម បុរិស (Khmer script)
- 𑄟𑄎𑄴𑄏𑄨𑄟 𑄛𑄪𑄢𑄨𑄥 (Chakma script)
Etymology
editCalque of Sanskrit मध्यमपुरुष (madhyamapuruṣa), composed as majjhima (“middle”) + purisa (“person”)
Noun
editmajjhimapurisa m
- (grammar) second person
- c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar][1], page 252; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:
- सब्बेसं तिण्णं पठममज्झिमुत्तमपुरिसानं एकाभिधाने परो पुरिसो गहेतब्बो। सो च पठति, ते च पठन्ति, त्वञ्च पठसि तुम्हे च पठथ, अहञ्च पठामि = मयं पठाम; सो पचति, ते च पचन्ति, त्वञ्च पचन्ति, तुम्हे च पठथ, अहञ्च पचआमि = मयं पचाम एवं सेसासु विभत्तीसु परो पुरिसो योजेतब्बो॥
- Sabbesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ paṭhamamajjhimuttamapurisānaṃ ekābhidhāne paro puriso gahetabbo. So ca paṭhati, te ca paṭhanti, tvañca paṭhasi, tumhe ca paṭhatha, ahañca paṭhāmi = mayaṃ paṭhāma; so pacati, te ca pacanti, tvañca pacasi, tumhe ca pacatha, ahañca pacāmi = mayaṃ pacāma. Evaṃ sesāsu vibhattīsu paro puriso yojetabbo.
- With all three, third, second, and first persons, in one expression, the last person is to be taken. He reads, they read, thou readest, you read, and I read = we read; he cooks, they cook, thou cookest, you cook , and I cook = we cook. The last person is to be applied thus for other endings.
- c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar][2], page 253; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:
- तुम्हे पयुज्जमानेपि अप्पयुज्जमानेपि तुल्याधिकरणे मज्झिमो पुरिसो होति।
- Tumhe payujjamānepi appayujjamānepi tulyādhikaraṇe majjhimo puriso hoti.
- The second person is used when there is agreement with 'you', be it expressed or unexpressed.
Usage notes
editThis karmadharaya may be freely decomposed and recomposed.
Declension
editDeclension table of "majjhimapurisa" (masculine)
Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative (first) | majjhimapuriso | majjhimapurisā |
Accusative (second) | majjhimapurisaṃ | majjhimapurise |
Instrumental (third) | majjhimapurisena | majjhimapurisehi or majjhimapurisebhi |
Dative (fourth) | majjhimapurisassa or majjhimapurisāya or majjhimapurisatthaṃ | majjhimapurisānaṃ |
Ablative (fifth) | majjhimapurisasmā or majjhimapurisamhā or majjhimapurisā | majjhimapurisehi or majjhimapurisebhi |
Genitive (sixth) | majjhimapurisassa | majjhimapurisānaṃ |
Locative (seventh) | majjhimapurisasmiṃ or majjhimapurisamhi or majjhimapurise | majjhimapurisesu |
Vocative (calling) | majjhimapurisa | majjhimapurisā |