ontua
Finnish edit
Etymology edit
Unknown. Related to Karelian ontuo and possibly dialectal Estonian õnduma (“to live in harsh conditions, cope”).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
ontua
- (intransitive) to limp
- (intransitive, figuratively) to encounter problems or setbacks, not go smoothly
Conjugation edit
| Inflection of ontua (Kotus type 52*J/sanoa, nt-nn gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | onnun | en onnu | 1st sing. | olen ontunut | en ole ontunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | onnut | et onnu | 2nd sing. | olet ontunut | et ole ontunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | ontuu | ei onnu | 3rd sing. | on ontunut | ei ole ontunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | onnumme | emme onnu | 1st plur. | olemme ontuneet | emme ole ontuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | onnutte | ette onnu | 2nd plur. | olette ontuneet | ette ole ontuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | ontuvat | eivät onnu | 3rd plur. | ovat ontuneet | eivät ole ontuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | onnutaan | ei onnuta | passive | on onnuttu | ei ole onnuttu | ||||||||||||||||
| past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | onnuin | en ontunut | 1st sing. | olin ontunut | en ollut ontunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | onnuit | et ontunut | 2nd sing. | olit ontunut | et ollut ontunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | ontui | ei ontunut | 3rd sing. | oli ontunut | ei ollut ontunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | onnuimme | emme ontuneet | 1st plur. | olimme ontuneet | emme olleet ontuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | onnuitte | ette ontuneet | 2nd plur. | olitte ontuneet | ette olleet ontuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | ontuivat | eivät ontuneet | 3rd plur. | olivat ontuneet | eivät olleet ontuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | onnuttiin | ei onnuttu | passive | oli onnuttu | ei ollut onnuttu | ||||||||||||||||
| conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | ontuisin | en ontuisi | 1st sing. | olisin ontunut | en olisi ontunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | ontuisit | et ontuisi | 2nd sing. | olisit ontunut | et olisi ontunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | ontuisi | ei ontuisi | 3rd sing. | olisi ontunut | ei olisi ontunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | ontuisimme | emme ontuisi | 1st plur. | olisimme ontuneet | emme olisi ontuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | ontuisitte | ette ontuisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte ontuneet | ette olisi ontuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | ontuisivat | eivät ontuisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat ontuneet | eivät olisi ontuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | onnuttaisiin | ei onnuttaisi | passive | olisi onnuttu | ei olisi onnuttu | ||||||||||||||||
| imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | onnu | älä onnu | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | ontukoon | älköön ontuko | 3rd sing. | olkoon ontunut | älköön olko ontunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | ontukaamme | älkäämme ontuko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | ontukaa | älkää ontuko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | ontukoot | älkööt ontuko | 3rd plur. | olkoot ontuneet | älkööt olko ontuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | onnuttakoon | älköön onnuttako | passive | olkoon onnuttu | älköön olko onnuttu | ||||||||||||||||
| potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st sing. | ontunen | en ontune | 1st sing. | lienen ontunut | en liene ontunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd sing. | ontunet | et ontune | 2nd sing. | lienet ontunut | et liene ontunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd sing. | ontunee | ei ontune | 3rd sing. | lienee ontunut | ei liene ontunut | ||||||||||||||||
| 1st plur. | ontunemme | emme ontune | 1st plur. | lienemme ontuneet | emme liene ontuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 2nd plur. | ontunette | ette ontune | 2nd plur. | lienette ontuneet | ette liene ontuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| 3rd plur. | ontunevat | eivät ontune | 3rd plur. | lienevät ontuneet | eivät liene ontuneet | ||||||||||||||||
| passive | onnuttaneen | ei onnuttane | passive | lienee onnuttu | ei liene onnuttu | ||||||||||||||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
| infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
| active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1st | ontua | present | ontuva | onnuttava | |||||||||||||||||
| long 1st1 |
|
past | ontunut | onnuttu | |||||||||||||||||
| 2nd | inessive2 | ontuessa | onnuttaessa | agent3 | ontuma | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | ontumaton | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | ontuen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd | inessive | ontumassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| elative | ontumasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| illative | ontumaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| adessive | ontumalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| abessive | ontumatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| instructive | ontuman | onnuttaman | |||||||||||||||||||
| 4th4 | verbal noun | ontuminen | |||||||||||||||||||
| 5th1 |
| ||||||||||||||||||||
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “ontua”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03