Xhosa edit

Etymology edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb edit

-ópha

  1. to bleed

Inflection edit

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu edit

Etymology edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb edit

-opha

  1. to bleed

Inflection edit

Tone L
Infinitive ukopha
Positive Negative
Infinitive ukopha ukungophi
Imperative
Simple + object concord
Singular yopha -ophe
Plural yophani -opheni
Present
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyopha, ngopha engophayo, engopha ngopha angophi engingophi ngingophi
2nd singular uyopha, wopha owophayo, owopha wopha awophi ongophi ungophi
1st plural siyopha, sopha esophayo, esopha sopha asophi esingophi singophi
2nd plural niyopha, nopha enophayo, enopha nopha anophi eningophi ningophi
Class 1 uyopha, wopha owophayo, owopha opha akophi ongophi engophi
Class 2 bayopha, bopha abophayo, abopha bopha abophi abangophi bengophi
Class 3 uyopha, wopha owophayo, owopha wopha awophi ongophi ungophi
Class 4 iyopha, yopha eyophayo, eyopha yopha ayophi engophi ingophi
Class 5 liyopha, lopha elophayo, elopha lopha alophi elingophi lingophi
Class 6 ayopha, opha ophayo, opha opha awophi angophi engophi
Class 7 siyopha, sopha esophayo, esopha sopha asophi esingophi singophi
Class 8 ziyopha, zopha ezophayo, ezopha zopha azophi ezingophi zingophi
Class 9 iyopha, yopha eyophayo, eyopha yopha ayophi engophi ingophi
Class 10 ziyopha, zopha ezophayo, ezopha zopha azophi ezingophi zingophi
Class 11 luyopha, lopha olophayo, olopha lopha alophi olungophi lungophi
Class 14 buyopha, bopha obophayo, obopha bopha abophi obungophi bungophi
Class 15 kuyopha, kopha okophayo, okopha kopha akophi okungophi kungophi
Class 17 kuyopha, kopha okophayo, okopha kopha akophi okungophi kungophi
Recent past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngophile, ngophē engophile, engophē ngophile, ngophē angophanga engingophanga ngingophanga
2nd singular wophile, wophē owophile, owophē wophile, wophē awophanga ongophanga ungophanga
1st plural sophile, sophē esophile, esophē sophile, sophē asophanga esingophanga singophanga
2nd plural nophile, nophē enophile, enophē nophile, nophē anophanga eningophanga ningophanga
Class 1 wophile, wophē owophile, owophē ophile, ophē akophanga ongophanga engophanga
Class 2 bophile, bophē abophile, abophē bophile, bophē abophanga abangophanga bengophanga
Class 3 wophile, wophē owophile, owophē wophile, wophē awophanga ongophanga ungophanga
Class 4 yophile, yophē eyophile, eyophē yophile, yophē ayophanga engophanga ingophanga
Class 5 lophile, lophē elophile, elophē lophile, lophē alophanga elingophanga lingophanga
Class 6 ophile, ophē ophile, ophē ophile, ophē awophanga angophanga engophanga
Class 7 sophile, sophē esophile, esophē sophile, sophē asophanga esingophanga singophanga
Class 8 zophile, zophē ezophile, ezophē zophile, zophē azophanga ezingophanga zingophanga
Class 9 yophile, yophē eyophile, eyophē yophile, yophē ayophanga engophanga ingophanga
Class 10 zophile, zophē ezophile, ezophē zophile, zophē azophanga ezingophanga zingophanga
Class 11 lophile, lophē olophile, olophē lophile, lophē alophanga olungophanga lungophanga
Class 14 bophile, bophē obophile, obophē bophile, bophē abophanga obungophanga bungophanga
Class 15 kophile, kophē okophile, okophē kophile, kophē akophanga okungophanga kungophanga
Class 17 kophile, kophē okophile, okophē kophile, kophē akophanga okungophanga kungophanga
Remote past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngōpha engōpha ngōpha angophanga engingophanga ngingophanga
2nd singular wōpha owōpha wōpha awophanga ongophanga ungophanga
1st plural sōpha esōpha sōpha asophanga esingophanga singophanga
2nd plural nōpha enōpha nōpha anophanga eningophanga ningophanga
Class 1 wōpha owōpha ōpha akophanga ongophanga engophanga
Class 2 bōpha abōpha bōpha abophanga abangophanga bengophanga
Class 3 wōpha owōpha wōpha awophanga ongophanga ungophanga
Class 4 yōpha eyōpha yōpha ayophanga engophanga ingophanga
Class 5 lōpha elōpha lōpha alophanga elingophanga lingophanga
Class 6 ōpha ōpha ōpha awophanga angophanga engophanga
Class 7 sōpha esōpha sōpha asophanga esingophanga singophanga
Class 8 zōpha ezōpha zōpha azophanga ezingophanga zingophanga
Class 9 yōpha eyōpha yōpha ayophanga engophanga ingophanga
Class 10 zōpha ezōpha zōpha azophanga ezingophanga zingophanga
Class 11 lōpha olōpha lōpha alophanga olungophanga lungophanga
Class 14 bōpha obōpha bōpha abophanga obungophanga bungophanga
Class 15 kōpha okōpha kōpha akophanga okungophanga kungophanga
Class 17 kōpha okōpha kōpha akophanga okungophanga kungophanga
Potential
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngingopha ngingopha ngingophe ngingophe
2nd singular ungopha ungopha ungophe ungophe
1st plural singopha singopha singophe singophe
2nd plural ningopha ningopha ningophe ningophe
Class 1 angopha engopha angophe engophe
Class 2 bangopha bengopha bangophe bengophe
Class 3 ungopha ungopha ungophe ungophe
Class 4 ingopha ingopha ingophe ingophe
Class 5 lingopha lingopha lingophe lingophe
Class 6 angopha engopha angophe engophe
Class 7 singopha singopha singophe singophe
Class 8 zingopha zingopha zingophe zingophe
Class 9 ingopha ingopha ingophe ingophe
Class 10 zingopha zingopha zingophe zingophe
Class 11 lungopha lungopha lungophe lungophe
Class 14 bungopha bungopha bungophe bungophe
Class 15 kungopha kungopha kungophe kungophe
Class 17 kungopha kungopha kungophe kungophe
Immediate future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngizokopha engizokopha ngizokopha angizukopha engingezukopha ngingezukopha
2nd singular uzokopha ozokopha uzokopha awuzukopha ongezukopha ungezukopha
1st plural sizokopha esizokopha sizokopha asizukopha esingezukopha singezukopha
2nd plural nizokopha enizokopha nizokopha anizukopha eningezukopha ningezukopha
Class 1 uzokopha ozokopha ezokopha akazukopha ongezukopha engezukopha
Class 2 bazokopha abazokopha bezokopha abazukopha abangezukopha bengezukopha
Class 3 uzokopha ozokopha uzokopha awuzukopha ongezukopha ungezukopha
Class 4 izokopha ezokopha izokopha ayizukopha engezukopha ingezukopha
Class 5 lizokopha elizokopha lizokopha alizukopha elingezukopha lingezukopha
Class 6 azokopha azokopha ezokopha awazukopha angezukopha engezukopha
Class 7 sizokopha esizokopha sizokopha asizukopha esingezukopha singezukopha
Class 8 zizokopha ezizokopha zizokopha azizukopha ezingezukopha zingezukopha
Class 9 izokopha ezokopha izokopha ayizukopha engezukopha ingezukopha
Class 10 zizokopha ezizokopha zizokopha azizukopha ezingezukopha zingezukopha
Class 11 luzokopha oluzokopha luzokopha aluzukopha olungezukopha lungezukopha
Class 14 buzokopha obuzokopha buzokopha abuzukopha obungezukopha bungezukopha
Class 15 kuzokopha okuzokopha kuzokopha akuzukopha okungezukopha kungezukopha
Class 17 kuzokopha okuzokopha kuzokopha akuzukopha okungezukopha kungezukopha
Remote future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyokopha engiyokopha ngiyokopha angiyukopha engingeyukopha ngingeyukopha
2nd singular uyokopha oyokopha uyokopha awuyukopha ongeyukopha ungeyukopha
1st plural siyokopha esiyokopha siyokopha asiyukopha esingeyukopha singeyukopha
2nd plural niyokopha eniyokopha niyokopha aniyukopha eningeyukopha ningeyukopha
Class 1 uyokopha oyokopha eyokopha akayukopha ongeyukopha engeyukopha
Class 2 bayokopha abayokopha beyokopha abayukopha abangeyukopha bengeyukopha
Class 3 uyokopha oyokopha uyokopha awuyukopha ongeyukopha ungeyukopha
Class 4 iyokopha eyokopha iyokopha ayiyukopha engeyukopha ingeyukopha
Class 5 liyokopha eliyokopha liyokopha aliyukopha elingeyukopha lingeyukopha
Class 6 ayokopha ayokopha eyokopha awayukopha angeyukopha engeyukopha
Class 7 siyokopha esiyokopha siyokopha asiyukopha esingeyukopha singeyukopha
Class 8 ziyokopha eziyokopha ziyokopha aziyukopha ezingeyukopha zingeyukopha
Class 9 iyokopha eyokopha iyokopha ayiyukopha engeyukopha ingeyukopha
Class 10 ziyokopha eziyokopha ziyokopha aziyukopha ezingeyukopha zingeyukopha
Class 11 luyokopha oluyokopha luyokopha aluyukopha olungeyukopha lungeyukopha
Class 14 buyokopha obuyokopha buyokopha abuyukopha obungeyukopha bungeyukopha
Class 15 kuyokopha okuyokopha kuyokopha akuyukopha okungeyukopha kungeyukopha
Class 17 kuyokopha okuyokopha kuyokopha akuyukopha okungeyukopha kungeyukopha
Present subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngophe ngingophi
2nd singular wophe ungophi
1st plural sophe singophi
2nd plural nophe ningophi
Class 1 ophe angophi
Class 2 bophe bangophi
Class 3 wophe ungophi
Class 4 yophe ingophi
Class 5 lophe lingophi
Class 6 ophe angophi
Class 7 sophe singophi
Class 8 zophe zingophi
Class 9 yophe ingophi
Class 10 zophe zingophi
Class 11 lophe lungophi
Class 14 bophe bungophi
Class 15 kophe kungophi
Class 17 kophe kungophi
Past subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngopha ngangopha, angopha, angangopha
2nd singular wopha wangopha, awopha, awangopha
1st plural sopha sangopha, asopha, asangopha
2nd plural nopha nangopha, anopha, anangopha
Class 1 wopha wangopha, akopha, akangopha
Class 2 bopha bangopha, abopha, abangopha
Class 3 wopha wangopha, awopha, awangopha
Class 4 yopha yangopha, ayopha, ayangopha
Class 5 lopha langopha, alopha, alangopha
Class 6 opha angopha, awopha, awangopha
Class 7 sopha sangopha, asopha, asangopha
Class 8 zopha zangopha, azopha, azangopha
Class 9 yopha yangopha, ayopha, ayangopha
Class 10 zopha zangopha, azopha, azangopha
Class 11 lopha lwangopha, alopha, alwangopha
Class 14 bopha bangopha, abopha, abangopha
Class 15 kopha kwangopha, akopha, akwangopha
Class 17 kopha kwangopha, akopha, akwangopha

Derived terms edit

References edit