pertahanan sipil
Indonesian
editEtymology
editCompound of pertahanan (“defense”) + sipil (“civil”), calque of English civil defense.
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit- civil defense (US), civil defence (British), efforts to protect the citizens of a state from military attack.
Usage notes
editThe term was replaced pertahanan rakyat as changing nature of Indonesian diplomacy with less active threat. The replacing term, perlindungan masyarakat, was introduced gradually as the main focus shift from defense issue to civilian order and completed in 2014.