toimesta

Finnish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtoi̯mestɑ/, [ˈt̪o̞i̯me̞s̠tɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -oimestɑ
• Syllabification^(key): toi‧mes‧ta

Noun

toimesta

1. elative singular of toimi

Postposition

toimesta (+ genitive and/or possessive suffix)

1. by, at the hands of (by the actions of)

Usage notes

• Often used with a verb in passive voice, in which case equivalent to the English structure of passive voice + by.
• A prominent feature of officialese and legalese, where it is often used even when not necessary (which many consider to be awkward language), and using an active verb would be the better option.

Inflection

Personal/possessive forms of toimesta
no possessor	toimesta
possessor	singular	plural
1st person	toimestani	toimestamme
2nd person	toimestasi	toimestanne
3rd person	toimestaan toimestansa