trawstrefa
Welsh
editEtymology
editFrom traws- + hendrefa (“to live in a winter abode”).
Pronunciation
edit- (North Wales) IPA(key): /trau̯sˈdrɛva/, [tr̥ʰau̯sˈtrɛva]
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /trau̯sˈdreːva/, [tr̥ʰau̯sˈtreːva], /trau̯sˈtrɛva/, [tr̥ʰau̯sˈtrɛva]
Verb
edittrawstrefa (first-person singular present trawstrefaf)
- to practice transhumance (to move seasonally with livestock to new pastures)
Conjugation
editConjugation (literary)
singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
present indicative/future | trawstrefaf | trawstrefi | trawstrefa | trawstrefwn | trawstrefwch | trawstrefant | trawstrefir | |
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
trawstrefwn | trawstrefit | trawstrefai | trawstrefem | trawstrefech | trawstrefent | trawstrefid | |
preterite | trawstrefais | trawstrefaist | trawstrefodd | trawstrefasom | trawstrefasoch | trawstrefasant | trawstrefwyd | |
pluperfect | trawstrefaswn | trawstrefasit | trawstrefasai | trawstrefasem | trawstrefasech | trawstrefasent | trawstrefasid, trawstrefesid | |
present subjunctive | trawstrefwyf | trawstrefych | trawstrefo | trawstrefom | trawstrefoch | trawstrefont | trawstrefer | |
imperative | — | trawstrefa | trawstrefed | trawstrefwn | trawstrefwch | trawstrefent | trawstrefer | |
verbal noun | trawstrefa | |||||||
verbal adjectives | trawstrefedig trawstrefadwy |
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
future | trawstrefa i, trawstrefaf i | trawstrefi di | trawstrefith o/e/hi, trawstrefiff e/hi | trawstrefwn ni | trawstrefwch chi | trawstrefan nhw |
conditional | trawstrefwn i, trawstrefswn i | trawstrefet ti, trawstrefset ti | trawstrefai fo/fe/hi, trawstrefsai fo/fe/hi | trawstrefen ni, trawstrefsen ni | trawstrefech chi, trawstrefsech chi | trawstrefen nhw, trawstrefsen nhw |
preterite | trawstrefais i, trawstrefes i | trawstrefaist ti, trawstrefest ti | trawstrefodd o/e/hi | trawstrefon ni | trawstrefoch chi | trawstrefon nhw |
imperative | — | trawstrefa | — | — | trawstrefwch | — |
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. |
Related terms
editMutation
editWelsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
trawstrefa | drawstrefa | nhrawstrefa | thrawstrefa |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
edit- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “trawstrefa”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies