tvrdit

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech tvrditi, from Proto-Slavic *tvьrditi. By surface analysis, tvrdý +‎ -it.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈtvr̩ɟɪt]

Verb

tvrdit impf

1. to assert (to declare with assurance or plainly and strongly)
2. to harden (to make something hard(er))

Conjugation

Conjugation

Infinitive	tvrdit, tvrditi	Active adjective	tvrdící
Verbal noun	tvrzení	Passive adjective	tvrzený

Present forms	indicative		imperative
	singular	plural	singular	plural
1st person	tvrdím	tvrdíme	—	tvrďme
2nd person	tvrdíš	tvrdíte	tvrď	tvrďte
3rd person	tvrdí	tvrdí	—	—

The future tense: a combination of a future form of být + infinitive tvrdit.

Participles	Past participles		Passive participles
	singular	plural	singular	plural
masculine animate	tvrdil	tvrdili	tvrzen	tvrzeni
masculine inanimate		tvrdily		tvrzeny
feminine	tvrdila		tvrzena
neuter	tvrdilo	tvrdila	tvrzeno	tvrzena

Transgressives	present	past
masculine singular	tvrdě	—
feminine + neuter singular	tvrdíc	—
plural	tvrdíce	—

Derived terms

• potvrdit
• stvrdit
• tvrzení n
• tvrzený
• utvrdit

 

Further reading

• “tvrditi”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935-1957
• “tvrditi”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “tvrdit”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)