Tone L
|
Infinitive
|
ukuxubha
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukuxubha
|
ukungaxubhi
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
xubha
|
-xubhe
|
Plural
|
xubhani
|
-xubheni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyaxubha, ngixubha
|
engixubhayo, engixubha
|
ngixubha
|
angixubhi
|
engingaxubhi
|
ngingaxubhi
|
2nd singular
|
uyaxubha, uxubha
|
oxubhayo, oxubha
|
uxubha
|
awuxubhi
|
ongaxubhi
|
ungaxubhi
|
1st plural
|
siyaxubha, sixubha
|
esixubhayo, esixubha
|
sixubha
|
asixubhi
|
esingaxubhi
|
singaxubhi
|
2nd plural
|
niyaxubha, nixubha
|
enixubhayo, enixubha
|
nixubha
|
anixubhi
|
eningaxubhi
|
ningaxubhi
|
Class 1
|
uyaxubha, uxubha
|
oxubhayo, oxubha
|
exubha
|
akaxubhi
|
ongaxubhi
|
engaxubhi
|
Class 2
|
bayaxubha, baxubha
|
abaxubhayo, abaxubha
|
bexubha
|
abaxubhi
|
abangaxubhi
|
bengaxubhi
|
Class 3
|
uyaxubha, uxubha
|
oxubhayo, oxubha
|
uxubha
|
awuxubhi
|
ongaxubhi
|
ungaxubhi
|
Class 4
|
iyaxubha, ixubha
|
exubhayo, exubha
|
ixubha
|
ayixubhi
|
engaxubhi
|
ingaxubhi
|
Class 5
|
liyaxubha, lixubha
|
elixubhayo, elixubha
|
lixubha
|
alixubhi
|
elingaxubhi
|
lingaxubhi
|
Class 6
|
ayaxubha, axubha
|
axubhayo, axubha
|
exubha
|
awaxubhi
|
angaxubhi
|
engaxubhi
|
Class 7
|
siyaxubha, sixubha
|
esixubhayo, esixubha
|
sixubha
|
asixubhi
|
esingaxubhi
|
singaxubhi
|
Class 8
|
ziyaxubha, zixubha
|
ezixubhayo, ezixubha
|
zixubha
|
azixubhi
|
ezingaxubhi
|
zingaxubhi
|
Class 9
|
iyaxubha, ixubha
|
exubhayo, exubha
|
ixubha
|
ayixubhi
|
engaxubhi
|
ingaxubhi
|
Class 10
|
ziyaxubha, zixubha
|
ezixubhayo, ezixubha
|
zixubha
|
azixubhi
|
ezingaxubhi
|
zingaxubhi
|
Class 11
|
luyaxubha, luxubha
|
oluxubhayo, oluxubha
|
luxubha
|
aluxubhi
|
olungaxubhi
|
lungaxubhi
|
Class 14
|
buyaxubha, buxubha
|
obuxubhayo, obuxubha
|
buxubha
|
abuxubhi
|
obungaxubhi
|
bungaxubhi
|
Class 15
|
kuyaxubha, kuxubha
|
okuxubhayo, okuxubha
|
kuxubha
|
akuxubhi
|
okungaxubhi
|
kungaxubhi
|
Class 17
|
kuyaxubha, kuxubha
|
okuxubhayo, okuxubha
|
kuxubha
|
akuxubhi
|
okungaxubhi
|
kungaxubhi
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngixubhile, ngixubhē
|
engixubhile, engixubhē
|
ngixubhile, ngixubhē
|
angixubhanga
|
engingaxubhanga
|
ngingaxubhanga
|
2nd singular
|
uxubhile, uxubhē
|
oxubhile, oxubhē
|
uxubhile, uxubhē
|
awuxubhanga
|
ongaxubhanga
|
ungaxubhanga
|
1st plural
|
sixubhile, sixubhē
|
esixubhile, esixubhē
|
sixubhile, sixubhē
|
asixubhanga
|
esingaxubhanga
|
singaxubhanga
|
2nd plural
|
nixubhile, nixubhē
|
enixubhile, enixubhē
|
nixubhile, nixubhē
|
anixubhanga
|
eningaxubhanga
|
ningaxubhanga
|
Class 1
|
uxubhile, uxubhē
|
oxubhile, oxubhē
|
exubhile, exubhē
|
akaxubhanga
|
ongaxubhanga
|
engaxubhanga
|
Class 2
|
baxubhile, baxubhē
|
abaxubhile, abaxubhē
|
bexubhile, bexubhē
|
abaxubhanga
|
abangaxubhanga
|
bengaxubhanga
|
Class 3
|
uxubhile, uxubhē
|
oxubhile, oxubhē
|
uxubhile, uxubhē
|
awuxubhanga
|
ongaxubhanga
|
ungaxubhanga
|
Class 4
|
ixubhile, ixubhē
|
exubhile, exubhē
|
ixubhile, ixubhē
|
ayixubhanga
|
engaxubhanga
|
ingaxubhanga
|
Class 5
|
lixubhile, lixubhē
|
elixubhile, elixubhē
|
lixubhile, lixubhē
|
alixubhanga
|
elingaxubhanga
|
lingaxubhanga
|
Class 6
|
axubhile, axubhē
|
axubhile, axubhē
|
exubhile, exubhē
|
awaxubhanga
|
angaxubhanga
|
engaxubhanga
|
Class 7
|
sixubhile, sixubhē
|
esixubhile, esixubhē
|
sixubhile, sixubhē
|
asixubhanga
|
esingaxubhanga
|
singaxubhanga
|
Class 8
|
zixubhile, zixubhē
|
ezixubhile, ezixubhē
|
zixubhile, zixubhē
|
azixubhanga
|
ezingaxubhanga
|
zingaxubhanga
|
Class 9
|
ixubhile, ixubhē
|
exubhile, exubhē
|
ixubhile, ixubhē
|
ayixubhanga
|
engaxubhanga
|
ingaxubhanga
|
Class 10
|
zixubhile, zixubhē
|
ezixubhile, ezixubhē
|
zixubhile, zixubhē
|
azixubhanga
|
ezingaxubhanga
|
zingaxubhanga
|
Class 11
|
luxubhile, luxubhē
|
oluxubhile, oluxubhē
|
luxubhile, luxubhē
|
aluxubhanga
|
olungaxubhanga
|
lungaxubhanga
|
Class 14
|
buxubhile, buxubhē
|
obuxubhile, obuxubhē
|
buxubhile, buxubhē
|
abuxubhanga
|
obungaxubhanga
|
bungaxubhanga
|
Class 15
|
kuxubhile, kuxubhē
|
okuxubhile, okuxubhē
|
kuxubhile, kuxubhē
|
akuxubhanga
|
okungaxubhanga
|
kungaxubhanga
|
Class 17
|
kuxubhile, kuxubhē
|
okuxubhile, okuxubhē
|
kuxubhile, kuxubhē
|
akuxubhanga
|
okungaxubhanga
|
kungaxubhanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngāxubha
|
engāxubha
|
ngāxubha
|
angixubhanga
|
engingaxubhanga
|
ngingaxubhanga
|
2nd singular
|
wāxubha
|
owāxubha
|
wāxubha
|
awuxubhanga
|
ongaxubhanga
|
ungaxubhanga
|
1st plural
|
sāxubha
|
esāxubha
|
sāxubha
|
asixubhanga
|
esingaxubhanga
|
singaxubhanga
|
2nd plural
|
nāxubha
|
enāxubha
|
nāxubha
|
anixubhanga
|
eningaxubhanga
|
ningaxubhanga
|
Class 1
|
wāxubha
|
owāxubha
|
āxubha
|
akaxubhanga
|
ongaxubhanga
|
engaxubhanga
|
Class 2
|
bāxubha
|
abāxubha
|
bāxubha
|
abaxubhanga
|
abangaxubhanga
|
bengaxubhanga
|
Class 3
|
wāxubha
|
owāxubha
|
wāxubha
|
awuxubhanga
|
ongaxubhanga
|
ungaxubhanga
|
Class 4
|
yāxubha
|
eyāxubha
|
yāxubha
|
ayixubhanga
|
engaxubhanga
|
ingaxubhanga
|
Class 5
|
lāxubha
|
elāxubha
|
lāxubha
|
alixubhanga
|
elingaxubhanga
|
lingaxubhanga
|
Class 6
|
āxubha
|
āxubha
|
āxubha
|
awaxubhanga
|
angaxubhanga
|
engaxubhanga
|
Class 7
|
sāxubha
|
esāxubha
|
sāxubha
|
asixubhanga
|
esingaxubhanga
|
singaxubhanga
|
Class 8
|
zāxubha
|
ezāxubha
|
zāxubha
|
azixubhanga
|
ezingaxubhanga
|
zingaxubhanga
|
Class 9
|
yāxubha
|
eyāxubha
|
yāxubha
|
ayixubhanga
|
engaxubhanga
|
ingaxubhanga
|
Class 10
|
zāxubha
|
ezāxubha
|
zāxubha
|
azixubhanga
|
ezingaxubhanga
|
zingaxubhanga
|
Class 11
|
lwāxubha
|
olwāxubha
|
lwāxubha
|
aluxubhanga
|
olungaxubhanga
|
lungaxubhanga
|
Class 14
|
bāxubha
|
obāxubha
|
bāxubha
|
abuxubhanga
|
obungaxubhanga
|
bungaxubhanga
|
Class 15
|
kwāxubha
|
okwāxubha
|
kwāxubha
|
akuxubhanga
|
okungaxubhanga
|
kungaxubhanga
|
Class 17
|
kwāxubha
|
okwāxubha
|
kwāxubha
|
akuxubhanga
|
okungaxubhanga
|
kungaxubhanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingaxubha
|
—
|
ngingaxubha
|
ngingexubhe
|
—
|
ngingexubhe
|
2nd singular
|
ungaxubha
|
—
|
ungaxubha
|
ungexubhe
|
—
|
ungexubhe
|
1st plural
|
singaxubha
|
—
|
singaxubha
|
singexubhe
|
—
|
singexubhe
|
2nd plural
|
ningaxubha
|
—
|
ningaxubha
|
ningexubhe
|
—
|
ningexubhe
|
Class 1
|
angaxubha
|
—
|
engaxubha
|
angexubhe
|
—
|
engexubhe
|
Class 2
|
bangaxubha
|
—
|
bengaxubha
|
bangexubhe
|
—
|
bengexubhe
|
Class 3
|
ungaxubha
|
—
|
ungaxubha
|
ungexubhe
|
—
|
ungexubhe
|
Class 4
|
ingaxubha
|
—
|
ingaxubha
|
ingexubhe
|
—
|
ingexubhe
|
Class 5
|
lingaxubha
|
—
|
lingaxubha
|
lingexubhe
|
—
|
lingexubhe
|
Class 6
|
angaxubha
|
—
|
engaxubha
|
angexubhe
|
—
|
engexubhe
|
Class 7
|
singaxubha
|
—
|
singaxubha
|
singexubhe
|
—
|
singexubhe
|
Class 8
|
zingaxubha
|
—
|
zingaxubha
|
zingexubhe
|
—
|
zingexubhe
|
Class 9
|
ingaxubha
|
—
|
ingaxubha
|
ingexubhe
|
—
|
ingexubhe
|
Class 10
|
zingaxubha
|
—
|
zingaxubha
|
zingexubhe
|
—
|
zingexubhe
|
Class 11
|
lungaxubha
|
—
|
lungaxubha
|
lungexubhe
|
—
|
lungexubhe
|
Class 14
|
bungaxubha
|
—
|
bungaxubha
|
bungexubhe
|
—
|
bungexubhe
|
Class 15
|
kungaxubha
|
—
|
kungaxubha
|
kungexubhe
|
—
|
kungexubhe
|
Class 17
|
kungaxubha
|
—
|
kungaxubha
|
kungexubhe
|
—
|
kungexubhe
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizoxubha
|
engizoxubha
|
ngizoxubha
|
angizuxubha
|
engingezuxubha
|
ngingezuxubha
|
2nd singular
|
uzoxubha
|
ozoxubha
|
uzoxubha
|
awuzuxubha
|
ongezuxubha
|
ungezuxubha
|
1st plural
|
sizoxubha
|
esizoxubha
|
sizoxubha
|
asizuxubha
|
esingezuxubha
|
singezuxubha
|
2nd plural
|
nizoxubha
|
enizoxubha
|
nizoxubha
|
anizuxubha
|
eningezuxubha
|
ningezuxubha
|
Class 1
|
uzoxubha
|
ozoxubha
|
ezoxubha
|
akazuxubha
|
ongezuxubha
|
engezuxubha
|
Class 2
|
bazoxubha
|
abazoxubha
|
bezoxubha
|
abazuxubha
|
abangezuxubha
|
bengezuxubha
|
Class 3
|
uzoxubha
|
ozoxubha
|
uzoxubha
|
awuzuxubha
|
ongezuxubha
|
ungezuxubha
|
Class 4
|
izoxubha
|
ezoxubha
|
izoxubha
|
ayizuxubha
|
engezuxubha
|
ingezuxubha
|
Class 5
|
lizoxubha
|
elizoxubha
|
lizoxubha
|
alizuxubha
|
elingezuxubha
|
lingezuxubha
|
Class 6
|
azoxubha
|
azoxubha
|
ezoxubha
|
awazuxubha
|
angezuxubha
|
engezuxubha
|
Class 7
|
sizoxubha
|
esizoxubha
|
sizoxubha
|
asizuxubha
|
esingezuxubha
|
singezuxubha
|
Class 8
|
zizoxubha
|
ezizoxubha
|
zizoxubha
|
azizuxubha
|
ezingezuxubha
|
zingezuxubha
|
Class 9
|
izoxubha
|
ezoxubha
|
izoxubha
|
ayizuxubha
|
engezuxubha
|
ingezuxubha
|
Class 10
|
zizoxubha
|
ezizoxubha
|
zizoxubha
|
azizuxubha
|
ezingezuxubha
|
zingezuxubha
|
Class 11
|
luzoxubha
|
oluzoxubha
|
luzoxubha
|
aluzuxubha
|
olungezuxubha
|
lungezuxubha
|
Class 14
|
buzoxubha
|
obuzoxubha
|
buzoxubha
|
abuzuxubha
|
obungezuxubha
|
bungezuxubha
|
Class 15
|
kuzoxubha
|
okuzoxubha
|
kuzoxubha
|
akuzuxubha
|
okungezuxubha
|
kungezuxubha
|
Class 17
|
kuzoxubha
|
okuzoxubha
|
kuzoxubha
|
akuzuxubha
|
okungezuxubha
|
kungezuxubha
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyoxubha
|
engiyoxubha
|
ngiyoxubha
|
angiyuxubha
|
engingeyuxubha
|
ngingeyuxubha
|
2nd singular
|
uyoxubha
|
oyoxubha
|
uyoxubha
|
awuyuxubha
|
ongeyuxubha
|
ungeyuxubha
|
1st plural
|
siyoxubha
|
esiyoxubha
|
siyoxubha
|
asiyuxubha
|
esingeyuxubha
|
singeyuxubha
|
2nd plural
|
niyoxubha
|
eniyoxubha
|
niyoxubha
|
aniyuxubha
|
eningeyuxubha
|
ningeyuxubha
|
Class 1
|
uyoxubha
|
oyoxubha
|
eyoxubha
|
akayuxubha
|
ongeyuxubha
|
engeyuxubha
|
Class 2
|
bayoxubha
|
abayoxubha
|
beyoxubha
|
abayuxubha
|
abangeyuxubha
|
bengeyuxubha
|
Class 3
|
uyoxubha
|
oyoxubha
|
uyoxubha
|
awuyuxubha
|
ongeyuxubha
|
ungeyuxubha
|
Class 4
|
iyoxubha
|
eyoxubha
|
iyoxubha
|
ayiyuxubha
|
engeyuxubha
|
ingeyuxubha
|
Class 5
|
liyoxubha
|
eliyoxubha
|
liyoxubha
|
aliyuxubha
|
elingeyuxubha
|
lingeyuxubha
|
Class 6
|
ayoxubha
|
ayoxubha
|
eyoxubha
|
awayuxubha
|
angeyuxubha
|
engeyuxubha
|
Class 7
|
siyoxubha
|
esiyoxubha
|
siyoxubha
|
asiyuxubha
|
esingeyuxubha
|
singeyuxubha
|
Class 8
|
ziyoxubha
|
eziyoxubha
|
ziyoxubha
|
aziyuxubha
|
ezingeyuxubha
|
zingeyuxubha
|
Class 9
|
iyoxubha
|
eyoxubha
|
iyoxubha
|
ayiyuxubha
|
engeyuxubha
|
ingeyuxubha
|
Class 10
|
ziyoxubha
|
eziyoxubha
|
ziyoxubha
|
aziyuxubha
|
ezingeyuxubha
|
zingeyuxubha
|
Class 11
|
luyoxubha
|
oluyoxubha
|
luyoxubha
|
aluyuxubha
|
olungeyuxubha
|
lungeyuxubha
|
Class 14
|
buyoxubha
|
obuyoxubha
|
buyoxubha
|
abuyuxubha
|
obungeyuxubha
|
bungeyuxubha
|
Class 15
|
kuyoxubha
|
okuyoxubha
|
kuyoxubha
|
akuyuxubha
|
okungeyuxubha
|
kungeyuxubha
|
Class 17
|
kuyoxubha
|
okuyoxubha
|
kuyoxubha
|
akuyuxubha
|
okungeyuxubha
|
kungeyuxubha
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngixubhe
|
ngingaxubhi
|
2nd singular
|
uxubhe
|
ungaxubhi
|
1st plural
|
sixubhe
|
singaxubhi
|
2nd plural
|
nixubhe
|
ningaxubhi
|
Class 1
|
axubhe
|
angaxubhi
|
Class 2
|
baxubhe
|
bangaxubhi
|
Class 3
|
uxubhe
|
ungaxubhi
|
Class 4
|
ixubhe
|
ingaxubhi
|
Class 5
|
lixubhe
|
lingaxubhi
|
Class 6
|
axubhe
|
angaxubhi
|
Class 7
|
sixubhe
|
singaxubhi
|
Class 8
|
zixubhe
|
zingaxubhi
|
Class 9
|
ixubhe
|
ingaxubhi
|
Class 10
|
zixubhe
|
zingaxubhi
|
Class 11
|
luxubhe
|
lungaxubhi
|
Class 14
|
buxubhe
|
bungaxubhi
|
Class 15
|
kuxubhe
|
kungaxubhi
|
Class 17
|
kuxubhe
|
kungaxubhi
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngaxubha
|
ngangaxubha, angaxubha, angangaxubha
|
2nd singular
|
waxubha
|
wangaxubha, awaxubha, awangaxubha
|
1st plural
|
saxubha
|
sangaxubha, asaxubha, asangaxubha
|
2nd plural
|
naxubha
|
nangaxubha, anaxubha, anangaxubha
|
Class 1
|
waxubha
|
wangaxubha, akaxubha, akangaxubha
|
Class 2
|
baxubha
|
bangaxubha, abaxubha, abangaxubha
|
Class 3
|
waxubha
|
wangaxubha, awaxubha, awangaxubha
|
Class 4
|
yaxubha
|
yangaxubha, ayaxubha, ayangaxubha
|
Class 5
|
laxubha
|
langaxubha, alaxubha, alangaxubha
|
Class 6
|
axubha
|
angaxubha, awaxubha, awangaxubha
|
Class 7
|
saxubha
|
sangaxubha, asaxubha, asangaxubha
|
Class 8
|
zaxubha
|
zangaxubha, azaxubha, azangaxubha
|
Class 9
|
yaxubha
|
yangaxubha, ayaxubha, ayangaxubha
|
Class 10
|
zaxubha
|
zangaxubha, azaxubha, azangaxubha
|
Class 11
|
lwaxubha
|
lwangaxubha, alwaxubha, alwangaxubha
|
Class 14
|
baxubha
|
bangaxubha, abaxubha, abangaxubha
|
Class 15
|
kwaxubha
|
kwangaxubha, akwaxubha, akwangaxubha
|
Class 17
|
kwaxubha
|
kwangaxubha, akwaxubha, akwangaxubha
|